async

Async 是一个直截了当、强大的异步 JavaScript 实用工具模块。 尽管最初是设计用于 Node.js, 可通过 npm install --save async 安装,但它也可以直接用于浏览器。

源码:
参见:

集合(Collections)

async 函数集,可操作类似 array、object 的集合。

源码:

方法

(static) concat(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import concat from 'async/concat';

coll 中的每一项应用 iteratee,并且合并结果。 返回合并后的列表。 以并发调用 iteratee,并且合并它们返回的结果。 返回的结果数组顺序是传给 iterateecoll 原始顺序。

别名:
  • flatMap
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

需要遍历的集合

iteratee AsyncFunction

函数,应用到 coll 里的每一项, 产生的结果将会放入数组。 以 (item, callback) 调用。

callback function <optional>

在所有 iteratee 函数都结束后被调用,或者产生一个错误。 结果是 iteratee 函数产生的合并数组。调用: (err, results)。

返回:

忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise

类型
Promise
示例
async.concat(['dir1','dir2','dir3'], fs.readdir, function(err, files) {
    // 现在 files 是在 3 个目录中已存在的文件名
});
源码:

(static) concatLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import concatLimit from 'async/concatLimit';

类似 concat,但限制了同时最多为 limit 的异步操作数量。

别名:
  • flatMapLimit
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

需要遍历的集合

limit number

同时最多为 limit 的异步操作数量。

iteratee AsyncFunction

函数,应用到 coll 里的每一项, 产生的结果将会放入数组。 以 (item, callback) 调用。

callback function <optional>

在所有 iteratee 函数都结束后被调用,或者产生一个错误。 结果是 iteratee 函数产生的合并数组。调用: (err, results)。

返回:
  • 忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise

    类型
    Promise
  • A Promise, if no callback is passed

源码:
参见:

(static) concatSeries(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import concatSeries from 'async/concatSeries';

类似 concat,但限制了同时只能有一个异步操作

别名:
  • flatMapSeries
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

需要遍历的集合

iteratee AsyncFunction

函数,应用到 coll 里的每一项, 产生的结果将会放入数组。 以 (item, callback) 调用。

callback function <optional>

在所有 iteratee 函数都结束后被调用,或者产生一个错误。 结果是 iteratee 函数产生的合并数组。调用: (err, results)。

返回:

忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) detect(coll, iteratee, callbackopt)

import detect from 'async/detect';

Returns the first value in coll that passes an async truth test. The iteratee is applied in parallel, meaning the first iteratee to return true will fire the detect callback with that result. That means the result might not be the first item in the original coll (in terms of order) that passes the test. If order within the original coll is important, then look at detectSeries.

别名:
  • find
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

A truth test to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee must complete with a boolean value as its result. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called as soon as any iteratee returns true, or after all the iteratee functions have finished. Result will be the first item in the array that passes the truth test (iteratee) or the value undefined if none passed. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

A Promise, if no callback is passed

示例
async.detect(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
    fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
        callback(null, !err)
    });
}, function(err, result) {
    // result now equals the first file in the list that exists
});
源码:

(static) detectLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callbackopt)

import detectLimit from 'async/detectLimit';

The same as detect but runs a maximum of limit async operations at a time.

别名:
  • findLimit
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

limit number

The maximum number of async operations at a time.

iteratee AsyncFunction

A truth test to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee must complete with a boolean value as its result. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called as soon as any iteratee returns true, or after all the iteratee functions have finished. Result will be the first item in the array that passes the truth test (iteratee) or the value undefined if none passed. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a Promise if no callback is passed

源码:
参见:

(static) detectSeries(coll, iteratee, callbackopt)

import detectSeries from 'async/detectSeries';

The same as detect but runs only a single async operation at a time.

别名:
  • findSeries
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

A truth test to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee must complete with a boolean value as its result. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called as soon as any iteratee returns true, or after all the iteratee functions have finished. Result will be the first item in the array that passes the truth test (iteratee) or the value undefined if none passed. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a Promise if no callback is passed

源码:
参见:

(static) each(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import each from 'async/each';

coll 内每一项并发地应用函数 iteratee。 用列表中的每一项来调用 iteratee,并在完成后调用 callback。 如果 iteratee 传递一个 error 给它的 callback, 会以此 error 为参数,立即调用 each 函数的主回调函数。

注意:由于此函数会并发的应用 iteratee,所以不保证结束顺序。

别名:
  • forEach
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

需要遍历的集合

iteratee AsyncFunction

异步函数,应用到 coll 里的每一项。 用法:(item, callback)。 数组索引(index)不会传入 iteratee。 如果需要索引(index),可以使用 eachOf

callback function <optional>

当所有项目都用 iteratee 处理完时,调用此 callback, 或在出错时,调用的是(err)。

返回:

忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise

类型
Promise
示例
// 假设 openFiles 是文件名数组,saveFile 是保存文件修改内容的函数:

async.each(openFiles, saveFile, function(err){
  // 如果任意一次保存产生一个 error,这个 err 等于那个 error
});

// 假设 openFiles 是文件名数组
async.each(openFiles, function(file, callback) {

    // 在此执行文件操作
    console.log('Processing file ' + file);

    if( file.length > 32 ) {
      console.log('This file name is too long');
      callback('File name too long');
    } else {
      // 在此执行文件操作
      console.log('File processed');
      callback();
    }
}, function(err) {
    //  如果任意一次文件处理产生一个 error,这个 err 等于那个 error
    if( err ) {
      // 只要有一次迭代产生 error,
      // 所有的处理都会立即停止。
      console.log('A file failed to process');
    } else {
      console.log('All files have been processed successfully');
    }
});
源码:

(static) eachLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import eachLimit from 'async/eachLimit';

each 一样,但限定了同时最多执行 limit 数的异步操作

别名:
  • forEachLimit
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

需要迭代的集合

limit number

同时最多操作的数量

iteratee AsyncFunction

异步函数,应用到 coll 里的每一项。 用法:(item, callback)。 数组索引(index)不会传入 iteratee。 如果需要索引(index),可以使用 eachOf

callback function <optional>

当所有项目都用 iteratee 处理完时,调用此 callback, 或在出错时,调用的是(err)。

返回:

忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) eachOf(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import eachOf from 'async/eachOf';

类似 each,但它会把 key (或 index) 作为第二个参数传给迭代器

别名:
  • forEachOf
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

需要遍历的集合

iteratee AsyncFunction

异步函数,应用到 coll 里的每一项。 key 是每一项的 key;如果是个数组,则是索引(index) 这样调用:(item, key, callback)。

callback function <optional>

当所有项目都用 iteratee 处理完时,调用此 callback, 或在出错时,调用的是(err)。

返回:

忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise

类型
Promise
示例
var obj = {dev: "/dev.json", test: "/test.json", prod: "/prod.json"};
var configs = {};

async.forEachOf(obj, function (value, key, callback) {
    fs.readFile(__dirname + value, "utf8", function (err, data) {
        if (err) return callback(err);
        try {
            configs[key] = JSON.parse(data);
        } catch (e) {
            return callback(e);
        }
        callback();
    });
}, function (err) {
    if (err) console.error(err.message);
    // configs 现在是 JSON 数据的映射
    doSomethingWith(configs);
});
源码:
参见:

(static) eachOfLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import eachOfLimit from 'async/eachOfLimit';

类似 eachOf,但限制了同时最多有 limit 个异步操作

别名:
  • forEachOfLimit
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

需要遍历的集合

limit number

同时最多的异步操作数量

iteratee AsyncFunction

异步函数,应用到 coll 里的每一项。 key 是每一项的 key;如果是个数组,则是索引(index) 这样调用:(item, key, callback)。

callback function <optional>

当所有项目都用 iteratee 处理完时,调用此 callback, 或在出错时,调用的是(err)。

返回:

忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) eachOfSeries(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import eachOfSeries from 'async/eachOfSeries';

类似 eachOf 但只有单个异步操作顺序执行

别名:
  • forEachOfSeries
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

需要遍历的集合

iteratee AsyncFunction

异步函数,应用到 coll 里的每一项。 这样调用:(item, key, callback)。

callback function <optional>

当所有项目都用 iteratee 处理完时,调用此 callback, 或在出错时,调用的是(err)。

返回:

忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) eachSeries(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import eachSeries from 'async/eachSeries';

类似 each 但只有单个异步操作顺序执行

注意,和 each 不同的是,此函数会以串行,按顺序逐个应用每一项。

别名:
  • forEachSeries
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

需要遍历的集合

iteratee AsyncFunction

异步函数,应用到 coll 里的每一项。 用法:(item, callback)。 数组索引(index)不会传入 iteratee。 如果需要索引(index),可以使用 eachOfSeries

callback function <optional>

当所有项目都用 iteratee 处理完时,调用此 callback, 或在出错时,调用的是(err)。

返回:

忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) every(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import every from 'async/every';

Returns true if every element in coll satisfies an async test. If any iteratee call returns false, the main callback is immediately called.

别名:
  • all
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async truth test to apply to each item in the collection in parallel. The iteratee must complete with a boolean result value. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished. Result will be either true or false depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback provided

类型
Promise
示例
async.every(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
    fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
        callback(null, !err)
    });
}, function(err, result) {
    // if result is true then every file exists
});
源码:

(static) everyLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import everyLimit from 'async/everyLimit';

The same as every but runs a maximum of limit async operations at a time.

别名:
  • allLimit
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

limit number

The maximum number of async operations at a time.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async truth test to apply to each item in the collection in parallel. The iteratee must complete with a boolean result value. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished. Result will be either true or false depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback provided

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) everySeries(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import everySeries from 'async/everySeries';

The same as every but runs only a single async operation at a time.

别名:
  • allSeries
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async truth test to apply to each item in the collection in series. The iteratee must complete with a boolean result value. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished. Result will be either true or false depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback provided

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) filter(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import filter from 'async/filter';

Returns a new array of all the values in coll which pass an async truth test. This operation is performed in parallel, but the results array will be in the same order as the original.

别名:
  • select
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee function

A truth test to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee is passed a callback(err, truthValue), which must be called with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if no callback provided

类型
Promise
示例
async.filter(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
    fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
        callback(null, !err)
    });
}, function(err, results) {
    // results now equals an array of the existing files
});
源码:

(static) filterLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import filterLimit from 'async/filterLimit';

The same as filter but runs a maximum of limit async operations at a time.

别名:
  • selectLimit
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

limit number

The maximum number of async operations at a time.

iteratee function

A truth test to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee is passed a callback(err, truthValue), which must be called with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if no callback provided

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) filterSeries(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import filterSeries from 'async/filterSeries';

The same as filter but runs only a single async operation at a time.

别名:
  • selectSeries
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee function

A truth test to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee is passed a callback(err, truthValue), which must be called with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results)

返回:

a promise, if no callback provided

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) groupBy(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import groupBy from 'async/groupBy';

Returns a new object, where each value corresponds to an array of items, from coll, that returned the corresponding key. That is, the keys of the object correspond to the values passed to the iteratee callback.

Note: Since this function applies the iteratee to each item in parallel, there is no guarantee that the iteratee functions will complete in order. However, the values for each key in the result will be in the same order as the original coll. For Objects, the values will roughly be in the order of the original Objects' keys (but this can vary across JavaScript engines).

参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async function to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee should complete with a key to group the value under. Invoked with (value, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called when all iteratee functions have finished, or an error occurs. Result is an Object whoses properties are arrays of values which returned the corresponding key.

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
示例
async.groupBy(['userId1', 'userId2', 'userId3'], function(userId, callback) {
    db.findById(userId, function(err, user) {
        if (err) return callback(err);
        return callback(null, user.age);
    });
}, function(err, result) {
    // result is object containing the userIds grouped by age
    // e.g. { 30: ['userId1', 'userId3'], 42: ['userId2']};
});
源码:

(static) groupByLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import groupByLimit from 'async/groupByLimit';

The same as groupBy but runs a maximum of limit async operations at a time.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

limit number

The maximum number of async operations at a time.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async function to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee should complete with a key to group the value under. Invoked with (value, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called when all iteratee functions have finished, or an error occurs. Result is an Object whoses properties are arrays of values which returned the corresponding key.

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) groupBySeries(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import groupBySeries from 'async/groupBySeries';

The same as groupBy but runs only a single async operation at a time.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async function to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee should complete with a key to group the value under. Invoked with (value, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called when all iteratee functions have finished, or an error occurs. Result is an Object whoses properties are arrays of values which returned the corresponding key.

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) map(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import map from 'async/map';

Produces a new collection of values by mapping each value in coll through the iteratee function. The iteratee is called with an item from coll and a callback for when it has finished processing. Each of these callback takes 2 arguments: an error, and the transformed item from coll. If iteratee passes an error to its callback, the main callback (for the map function) is immediately called with the error.

Note, that since this function applies the iteratee to each item in parallel, there is no guarantee that the iteratee functions will complete in order. However, the results array will be in the same order as the original coll.

If map is passed an Object, the results will be an Array. The results will roughly be in the order of the original Objects' keys (but this can vary across JavaScript engines).

参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async function to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee should complete with the transformed item. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called when all iteratee functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an Array of the transformed items from the coll. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
示例
async.map(['file1','file2','file3'], fs.stat, function(err, results) {
    // results is now an array of stats for each file
});
源码:

(static) mapLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import mapLimit from 'async/mapLimit';

The same as map but runs a maximum of limit async operations at a time.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

limit number

The maximum number of async operations at a time.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async function to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee should complete with the transformed item. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called when all iteratee functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array of the transformed items from the coll. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) mapSeries(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import mapSeries from 'async/mapSeries';

The same as map but runs only a single async operation at a time.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async function to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee should complete with the transformed item. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called when all iteratee functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array of the transformed items from the coll. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) mapValues(obj, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import mapValues from 'async/mapValues';

A relative of map, designed for use with objects.

Produces a new Object by mapping each value of obj through the iteratee function. The iteratee is called each value and key from obj and a callback for when it has finished processing. Each of these callbacks takes two arguments: an error, and the transformed item from obj. If iteratee passes an error to its callback, the main callback (for the mapValues function) is immediately called with the error.

Note, the order of the keys in the result is not guaranteed. The keys will be roughly in the order they complete, (but this is very engine-specific)

参数:
名称 类型 描述
obj Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

A function to apply to each value and key in coll. The iteratee should complete with the transformed value as its result. Invoked with (value, key, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called when all iteratee functions have finished, or an error occurs. result is a new object consisting of each key from obj, with each transformed value on the right-hand side. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
示例
async.mapValues({
    f1: 'file1',
    f2: 'file2',
    f3: 'file3'
}, function (file, key, callback) {
  fs.stat(file, callback);
}, function(err, result) {
    // result is now a map of stats for each file, e.g.
    // {
    //     f1: [stats for file1],
    //     f2: [stats for file2],
    //     f3: [stats for file3]
    // }
});
源码:

(static) mapValuesLimit(obj, limit, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import mapValuesLimit from 'async/mapValuesLimit';

The same as mapValues but runs a maximum of limit async operations at a time.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
obj Object

A collection to iterate over.

limit number

The maximum number of async operations at a time.

iteratee AsyncFunction

A function to apply to each value and key in coll. The iteratee should complete with the transformed value as its result. Invoked with (value, key, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called when all iteratee functions have finished, or an error occurs. result is a new object consisting of each key from obj, with each transformed value on the right-hand side. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) mapValuesSeries(obj, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import mapValuesSeries from 'async/mapValuesSeries';

The same as mapValues but runs only a single async operation at a time.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
obj Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

A function to apply to each value and key in coll. The iteratee should complete with the transformed value as its result. Invoked with (value, key, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called when all iteratee functions have finished, or an error occurs. result is a new object consisting of each key from obj, with each transformed value on the right-hand side. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) reduce(coll, memo, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import reduce from 'async/reduce';

Reduces coll into a single value using an async iteratee to return each successive step. memo is the initial state of the reduction. This function only operates in series.

For performance reasons, it may make sense to split a call to this function into a parallel map, and then use the normal Array.prototype.reduce on the results. This function is for situations where each step in the reduction needs to be async; if you can get the data before reducing it, then it's probably a good idea to do so.

别名:
  • foldl
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

memo *

The initial state of the reduction.

iteratee AsyncFunction

A function applied to each item in the array to produce the next step in the reduction. The iteratee should complete with the next state of the reduction. If the iteratee complete with an error, the reduction is stopped and the main callback is immediately called with the error. Invoked with (memo, item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished. Result is the reduced value. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
示例
async.reduce([1,2,3], 0, function(memo, item, callback) {
    // pointless async:
    process.nextTick(function() {
        callback(null, memo + item)
    });
}, function(err, result) {
    // result is now equal to the last value of memo, which is 6
});
源码:

(static) reduceRight(array, memo, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import reduceRight from 'async/reduceRight';

Same as reduce, only operates on array in reverse order.

别名:
  • foldr
参数:
名称 类型 描述
array Array

A collection to iterate over.

memo *

The initial state of the reduction.

iteratee AsyncFunction

A function applied to each item in the array to produce the next step in the reduction. The iteratee should complete with the next state of the reduction. If the iteratee complete with an error, the reduction is stopped and the main callback is immediately called with the error. Invoked with (memo, item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished. Result is the reduced value. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) reject(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import reject from 'async/reject';

The opposite of filter. Removes values that pass an async truth test.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee function

An async truth test to apply to each item in coll. The should complete with a boolean value as its result. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
示例
async.reject(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
    fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
        callback(null, !err)
    });
}, function(err, results) {
    // results now equals an array of missing files
    createFiles(results);
});
源码:
参见:

(static) rejectLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import rejectLimit from 'async/rejectLimit';

The same as reject but runs a maximum of limit async operations at a time.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

limit number

The maximum number of async operations at a time.

iteratee function

An async truth test to apply to each item in coll. The should complete with a boolean value as its result. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) rejectSeries(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import rejectSeries from 'async/rejectSeries';

The same as reject but runs only a single async operation at a time.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee function

An async truth test to apply to each item in coll. The should complete with a boolean value as its result. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) some(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import some from 'async/some';

Returns true if at least one element in the coll satisfies an async test. If any iteratee call returns true, the main callback is immediately called.

别名:
  • any
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async truth test to apply to each item in the collections in parallel. The iteratee should complete with a boolean result value. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called as soon as any iteratee returns true, or after all the iteratee functions have finished. Result will be either true or false depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback provided

类型
Promise
示例
async.some(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
    fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
        callback(null, !err)
    });
}, function(err, result) {
    // if result is true then at least one of the files exists
});
源码:

(static) someLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import someLimit from 'async/someLimit';

The same as some but runs a maximum of limit async operations at a time.

别名:
  • anyLimit
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

limit number

The maximum number of async operations at a time.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async truth test to apply to each item in the collections in parallel. The iteratee should complete with a boolean result value. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called as soon as any iteratee returns true, or after all the iteratee functions have finished. Result will be either true or false depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback provided

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) someSeries(coll, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import someSeries from 'async/someSeries';

The same as some but runs only a single async operation at a time.

别名:
  • anySeries
参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async truth test to apply to each item in the collections in series. The iteratee should complete with a boolean result value. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called as soon as any iteratee returns true, or after all the iteratee functions have finished. Result will be either true or false depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback provided

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) sortBy(coll, iteratee, callback) → {Promise}

import sortBy from 'async/sortBy';

Sorts a list by the results of running each coll value through an async iteratee.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async function to apply to each item in coll. The iteratee should complete with a value to use as the sort criteria as its result. Invoked with (item, callback).

callback function

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is the items from the original coll sorted by the values returned by the iteratee calls. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if no callback passed

类型
Promise
示例
async.sortBy(['file1','file2','file3'], function(file, callback) {
    fs.stat(file, function(err, stats) {
        callback(err, stats.mtime);
    });
}, function(err, results) {
    // results is now the original array of files sorted by
    // modified date
});

// By modifying the callback parameter the
// sorting order can be influenced:

// ascending order
async.sortBy([1,9,3,5], function(x, callback) {
    callback(null, x);
}, function(err,result) {
    // result callback
});

// descending order
async.sortBy([1,9,3,5], function(x, callback) {
    callback(null, x*-1);    //<- x*-1 instead of x, turns the order around
}, function(err,result) {
    // result callback
});
源码:

(static) transform(coll, accumulatoropt, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import transform from 'async/transform';

A relative of reduce. Takes an Object or Array, and iterates over each element in parallel, each step potentially mutating an accumulator value. The type of the accumulator defaults to the type of collection passed in.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
coll Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection to iterate over.

accumulator * <optional>

The initial state of the transform. If omitted, it will default to an empty Object or Array, depending on the type of coll

iteratee AsyncFunction

A function applied to each item in the collection that potentially modifies the accumulator. Invoked with (accumulator, item, key, callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after all the iteratee functions have finished. Result is the transformed accumulator. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback provided

类型
Promise
示例
async.transform([1,2,3], function(acc, item, index, callback) {
    // pointless async:
    process.nextTick(function() {
        acc[index] = item * 2
        callback(null)
    });
}, function(err, result) {
    // result is now equal to [2, 4, 6]
});
async.transform({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}, function (obj, val, key, callback) {
    setImmediate(function () {
        obj[key] = val * 2;
        callback();
    })
}, function (err, result) {
    // result is equal to {a: 2, b: 4, c: 6}
})
源码:

流程控制(Control Flow)

async 函数集,使脚本可以控制流程

源码:

方法

(static) applyEach(fns, …argsopt, callbackopt) → {AsyncFunction}

import applyEach from 'async/applyEach';

Applies the provided arguments to each function in the array, calling callback after all functions have completed. If you only provide the first argument, fns, then it will return a function which lets you pass in the arguments as if it were a single function call. If more arguments are provided, callback is required while args is still optional. The results for each of the applied async functions are passed to the final callback as an array.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
fns Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection of AsyncFunctions to all call with the same arguments

args * <optional>

any number of separate arguments to pass to the function.

callback function <optional>

the final argument should be the callback, called when all functions have completed processing.

返回:
  • Returns a function that takes no args other than an optional callback, that is the result of applying the args to each of the functions.
类型
AsyncFunction
示例
const appliedFn = async.applyEach([enableSearch, updateSchema], 'bucket')

appliedFn((err, results) => {
    // results[0] is the results for `enableSearch`
    // results[1] is the results for `updateSchema`
});

// partial application example:
async.each(
    buckets,
    async (bucket) => async.applyEach([enableSearch, updateSchema], bucket)(),
    callback
);
源码:

(static) applyEachSeries(fns, …argsopt, callbackopt) → {AsyncFunction}

import applyEachSeries from 'async/applyEachSeries';

The same as applyEach but runs only a single async operation at a time.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
fns Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection of AsyncFunctions to all call with the same arguments

args * <optional>

any number of separate arguments to pass to the function.

callback function <optional>

the final argument should be the callback, called when all functions have completed processing.

返回:
  • A function, that when called, is the result of appling the args to the list of functions. It takes no args, other than a callback.
类型
AsyncFunction
源码:
参见:

(static) auto(tasks, concurrencyopt, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import auto from 'async/auto';

Determines the best order for running the AsyncFunctions in tasks, based on their requirements. Each function can optionally depend on other functions being completed first, and each function is run as soon as its requirements are satisfied.

If any of the AsyncFunctions pass an error to their callback, the auto sequence will stop. Further tasks will not execute (so any other functions depending on it will not run), and the main callback is immediately called with the error.

AsyncFunctions also receive an object containing the results of functions which have completed so far as the first argument, if they have dependencies. If a task function has no dependencies, it will only be passed a callback.

参数:
名称 类型 默认值 描述
tasks Object

An object. Each of its properties is either a function or an array of requirements, with the AsyncFunction itself the last item in the array. The object's key of a property serves as the name of the task defined by that property, i.e. can be used when specifying requirements for other tasks. The function receives one or two arguments:

  • a results object, containing the results of the previously executed functions, only passed if the task has any dependencies,
  • a callback(err, result) function, which must be called when finished, passing an error (which can be null) and the result of the function's execution.
concurrency number <optional> Infinity

An optional integer for determining the maximum number of tasks that can be run in parallel. By default, as many as possible.

callback function <optional>

An optional callback which is called when all the tasks have been completed. It receives the err argument if any tasks pass an error to their callback. Results are always returned; however, if an error occurs, no further tasks will be performed, and the results object will only contain partial results. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if a callback is not passed

类型
Promise
示例
async.auto({
    // this function will just be passed a callback
    readData: async.apply(fs.readFile, 'data.txt', 'utf-8'),
    showData: ['readData', function(results, cb) {
        // results.readData is the file's contents
        // ...
    }]
}, callback);

async.auto({
    get_data: function(callback) {
        console.log('in get_data');
        // async code to get some data
        callback(null, 'data', 'converted to array');
    },
    make_folder: function(callback) {
        console.log('in make_folder');
        // async code to create a directory to store a file in
        // this is run at the same time as getting the data
        callback(null, 'folder');
    },
    write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(results, callback) {
        console.log('in write_file', JSON.stringify(results));
        // once there is some data and the directory exists,
        // write the data to a file in the directory
        callback(null, 'filename');
    }],
    email_link: ['write_file', function(results, callback) {
        console.log('in email_link', JSON.stringify(results));
        // once the file is written let's email a link to it...
        // results.write_file contains the filename returned by write_file.
        callback(null, {'file':results.write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
    }]
}, function(err, results) {
    console.log('err = ', err);
    console.log('results = ', results);
});
源码:

(static) autoInject(tasks, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import autoInject from 'async/autoInject';

A dependency-injected version of the async.auto function. Dependent tasks are specified as parameters to the function, after the usual callback parameter, with the parameter names matching the names of the tasks it depends on. This can provide even more readable task graphs which can be easier to maintain.

If a final callback is specified, the task results are similarly injected, specified as named parameters after the initial error parameter.

The autoInject function is purely syntactic sugar and its semantics are otherwise equivalent to async.auto.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
tasks Object

An object, each of whose properties is an AsyncFunction of the form 'func([dependencies...], callback). The object's key of a property serves as the name of the task defined by that property, i.e. can be used when specifying requirements for other tasks.

  • The callback parameter is a callback(err, result) which must be called when finished, passing an error (which can be null) and the result of the function's execution. The remaining parameters name other tasks on which the task is dependent, and the results from those tasks are the arguments of those parameters.
callback function <optional>

An optional callback which is called when all the tasks have been completed. It receives the err argument if any tasks pass an error to their callback, and a results object with any completed task results, similar to auto.

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
示例
//  The example from `auto` can be rewritten as follows:
async.autoInject({
    get_data: function(callback) {
        // async code to get some data
        callback(null, 'data', 'converted to array');
    },
    make_folder: function(callback) {
        // async code to create a directory to store a file in
        // this is run at the same time as getting the data
        callback(null, 'folder');
    },
    write_file: function(get_data, make_folder, callback) {
        // once there is some data and the directory exists,
        // write the data to a file in the directory
        callback(null, 'filename');
    },
    email_link: function(write_file, callback) {
        // once the file is written let's email a link to it...
        // write_file contains the filename returned by write_file.
        callback(null, {'file':write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
    }
}, function(err, results) {
    console.log('err = ', err);
    console.log('email_link = ', results.email_link);
});

// If you are using a JS minifier that mangles parameter names, `autoInject`
// will not work with plain functions, since the parameter names will be
// collapsed to a single letter identifier.  To work around this, you can
// explicitly specify the names of the parameters your task function needs
// in an array, similar to Angular.js dependency injection.

// This still has an advantage over plain `auto`, since the results a task
// depends on are still spread into arguments.
async.autoInject({
    //...
    write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(get_data, make_folder, callback) {
        callback(null, 'filename');
    }],
    email_link: ['write_file', function(write_file, callback) {
        callback(null, {'file':write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
    }]
    //...
}, function(err, results) {
    console.log('err = ', err);
    console.log('email_link = ', results.email_link);
});
源码:
参见:

(static) cargo(worker, payloadopt) → {QueueObject}

import cargo from 'async/cargo';

Creates a cargo object with the specified payload. Tasks added to the cargo will be processed altogether (up to the payload limit). If the worker is in progress, the task is queued until it becomes available. Once the worker has completed some tasks, each callback of those tasks is called. Check out these animations for how cargo and queue work.

While queue passes only one task to one of a group of workers at a time, cargo passes an array of tasks to a single worker, repeating when the worker is finished.

参数:
名称 类型 默认值 描述
worker AsyncFunction

An asynchronous function for processing an array of queued tasks. Invoked with (tasks, callback).

payload number <optional> Infinity

An optional integer for determining how many tasks should be processed per round; if omitted, the default is unlimited.

返回:

A cargo object to manage the tasks. Callbacks can attached as certain properties to listen for specific events during the lifecycle of the cargo and inner queue.

类型
QueueObject
示例
// create a cargo object with payload 2
var cargo = async.cargo(function(tasks, callback) {
    for (var i=0; i<tasks.length; i++) {
        console.log('hello ' + tasks[i].name);
    }
    callback();
}, 2);

// add some items
cargo.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
    console.log('finished processing foo');
});
cargo.push({name: 'bar'}, function(err) {
    console.log('finished processing bar');
});
await cargo.push({name: 'baz'});
console.log('finished processing baz');
源码:
参见:

(static) cargoQueue(worker, concurrencyopt, payloadopt) → {QueueObject}

import cargoQueue from 'async/cargoQueue';

Creates a cargoQueue object with the specified payload. Tasks added to the cargoQueue will be processed together (up to the payload limit) in concurrency parallel workers. If the all workers are in progress, the task is queued until one becomes available. Once a worker has completed some tasks, each callback of those tasks is called. Check out these animations for how cargo and queue work.

While queue passes only one task to one of a group of workers at a time, and cargo passes an array of tasks to a single worker, the cargoQueue passes an array of tasks to multiple parallel workers.

参数:
名称 类型 默认值 描述
worker AsyncFunction

An asynchronous function for processing an array of queued tasks. Invoked with (tasks, callback).

concurrency number <optional> 1

An integer for determining how many worker functions should be run in parallel. If omitted, the concurrency defaults to 1. If the concurrency is 0, an error is thrown.

payload number <optional> Infinity

An optional integer for determining how many tasks should be processed per round; if omitted, the default is unlimited.

返回:

A cargoQueue object to manage the tasks. Callbacks can attached as certain properties to listen for specific events during the lifecycle of the cargoQueue and inner queue.

类型
QueueObject
示例
// create a cargoQueue object with payload 2 and concurrency 2
var cargoQueue = async.cargoQueue(function(tasks, callback) {
    for (var i=0; i<tasks.length; i++) {
        console.log('hello ' + tasks[i].name);
    }
    callback();
}, 2, 2);

// add some items
cargoQueue.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
    console.log('finished processing foo');
});
cargoQueue.push({name: 'bar'}, function(err) {
    console.log('finished processing bar');
});
cargoQueue.push({name: 'baz'}, function(err) {
    console.log('finished processing baz');
});
cargoQueue.push({name: 'boo'}, function(err) {
    console.log('finished processing boo');
});
源码:
参见:

(static) compose(…functions) → {function}

import compose from 'async/compose';

Creates a function which is a composition of the passed asynchronous functions. Each function consumes the return value of the function that follows. Composing functions f(), g(), and h() would produce the result of f(g(h())), only this version uses callbacks to obtain the return values.

If the last argument to the composed function is not a function, a promise is returned when you call it.

Each function is executed with the this binding of the composed function.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
functions AsyncFunction

the asynchronous functions to compose

返回:

an asynchronous function that is the composed asynchronous functions

类型
function
示例
function add1(n, callback) {
    setTimeout(function () {
        callback(null, n + 1);
    }, 10);
}

function mul3(n, callback) {
    setTimeout(function () {
        callback(null, n * 3);
    }, 10);
}

var add1mul3 = async.compose(mul3, add1);
add1mul3(4, function (err, result) {
    // result now equals 15
});
源码:

(static) doUntil(iteratee, test, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import doUntil from 'async/doUntil';

Like 'doWhilst', except the test is inverted. Note the argument ordering differs from until.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
iteratee AsyncFunction

An async function which is called each time test fails. Invoked with (callback).

test AsyncFunction

asynchronous truth test to perform after each execution of iteratee. Invoked with (...args, callback), where ...args are the non-error args from the previous callback of iteratee

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after the test function has passed and repeated execution of iteratee has stopped. callback will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final iteratee's callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) doWhilst(iteratee, test, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import doWhilst from 'async/doWhilst';

The post-check version of whilst. To reflect the difference in the order of operations, the arguments test and iteratee are switched.

doWhilst is to whilst as do while is to while in plain JavaScript.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
iteratee AsyncFunction

A function which is called each time test passes. Invoked with (callback).

test AsyncFunction

asynchronous truth test to perform after each execution of iteratee. Invoked with (...args, callback), where ...args are the non-error args from the previous callback of iteratee.

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after the test function has failed and repeated execution of iteratee has stopped. callback will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final iteratee's callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) forever(fn, errbackopt) → {Promise}

import forever from 'async/forever';

Calls the asynchronous function fn with a callback parameter that allows it to call itself again, in series, indefinitely. If an error is passed to the callback then errback is called with the error, and execution stops, otherwise it will never be called.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
fn AsyncFunction

an async function to call repeatedly. Invoked with (next).

errback function <optional>

when fn passes an error to it's callback, this function will be called, and execution stops. Invoked with (err).

返回:

a promise that rejects if an error occurs and an errback is not passed

类型
Promise
示例
async.forever(
    function(next) {
        // next is suitable for passing to things that need a callback(err [, whatever]);
        // it will result in this function being called again.
    },
    function(err) {
        // if next is called with a value in its first parameter, it will appear
        // in here as 'err', and execution will stop.
    }
);
源码:

(static) parallel(tasks, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import parallel from 'async/parallel';

Run the tasks collection of functions in parallel, without waiting until the previous function has completed. If any of the functions pass an error to its callback, the main callback is immediately called with the value of the error. Once the tasks have completed, the results are passed to the final callback as an array.

Note: parallel is about kicking-off I/O tasks in parallel, not about parallel execution of code. If your tasks do not use any timers or perform any I/O, they will actually be executed in series. Any synchronous setup sections for each task will happen one after the other. JavaScript remains single-threaded.

Hint: Use reflect to continue the execution of other tasks when a task fails.

It is also possible to use an object instead of an array. Each property will be run as a function and the results will be passed to the final callback as an object instead of an array. This can be a more readable way of handling results from async.parallel.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
tasks Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection of async functions to run. Each async function can complete with any number of optional result values.

callback function <optional>

An optional callback to run once all the functions have completed successfully. This function gets a results array (or object) containing all the result arguments passed to the task callbacks. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if a callback is not passed

类型
Promise
示例
async.parallel([
    function(callback) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, 'one');
        }, 200);
    },
    function(callback) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, 'two');
        }, 100);
    }
],
// optional callback
function(err, results) {
    // the results array will equal ['one','two'] even though
    // the second function had a shorter timeout.
});

// an example using an object instead of an array
async.parallel({
    one: function(callback) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, 1);
        }, 200);
    },
    two: function(callback) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, 2);
        }, 100);
    }
}, function(err, results) {
    // results is now equals to: {one: 1, two: 2}
});
源码:

(static) parallelLimit(tasks, limit, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import parallelLimit from 'async/parallelLimit';

The same as parallel but runs a maximum of limit async operations at a time.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
tasks Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection of async functions to run. Each async function can complete with any number of optional result values.

limit number

The maximum number of async operations at a time.

callback function <optional>

An optional callback to run once all the functions have completed successfully. This function gets a results array (or object) containing all the result arguments passed to the task callbacks. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if a callback is not passed

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) priorityQueue(worker, concurrency) → {QueueObject}

import priorityQueue from 'async/priorityQueue';

The same as async.queue only tasks are assigned a priority and completed in ascending priority order.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
worker AsyncFunction

An async function for processing a queued task. If you want to handle errors from an individual task, pass a callback to q.push(). Invoked with (task, callback).

concurrency number

An integer for determining how many worker functions should be run in parallel. If omitted, the concurrency defaults to 1. If the concurrency is 0, an error is thrown.

返回:

A priorityQueue object to manage the tasks. There are two differences between queue and priorityQueue objects:

  • push(task, priority, [callback]) - priority should be a number. If an array of tasks is given, all tasks will be assigned the same priority.
  • The unshift method was removed.
类型
QueueObject
源码:
参见:

(static) queue(worker, concurrencyopt) → {QueueObject}

import queue from 'async/queue';

使用指定的并发数设置 concurrency 创建 queue 对象。 添加进 queue 的任务会并行处理(上限为 concurrency 数值)。 如果所有的 worker 都在处理中,任务将会排队等候。 一旦有 worker 完成了一个 task,将调用 task 的回调函数(callback)。

参数:
名称 类型 默认值 描述
worker AsyncFunction

处理队列任务的异步函数。 如果想要处理单独的任务中的错误,为 q.push() 传入 callback。 调用参数是 (task, callback)。

concurrency number <optional> 1

integer 值,决定了 worker 函数并发运行的数量。 省略时,默认值为 1。 如果设置为 0,将抛出错误。

返回:

用来管理任务的 queue 对象。 可附加回调函数到某些属性上,并监听队列生命周期的一些事件。

类型
QueueObject
示例
// 以并发数 2 创建队列对象
var q = async.queue(function(task, callback) {
    console.log('hello ' + task.name);
    callback();
}, 2);

// 指定 callback
q.drain(function() {
    console.log('all items have been processed');
});
// 或 await 至结束
await q.drain()

// 设置 error callback
q.error(function(err, task) {
    console.error('task experienced an error');
});

// 为队列添加任务
q.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
    console.log('finished processing foo');
});
// callback 可忽略
q.push({name: 'bar'});

// 批量添加任务到队列
q.push([{name: 'baz'},{name: 'bay'},{name: 'bax'}], function(err) {
    console.log('finished processing item');
});

// 添加任务至队列的前排
q.unshift({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
    console.log('finished processing bar');
});
源码:

(static) race(tasks, callback)

import race from 'async/race';

Runs the tasks array of functions in parallel, without waiting until the previous function has completed. Once any of the tasks complete or pass an error to its callback, the main callback is immediately called. It's equivalent to Promise.race().

参数:
名称 类型 描述
tasks Array

An array containing async functions to run. Each function can complete with an optional result value.

callback function

A callback to run once any of the functions have completed. This function gets an error or result from the first function that completed. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

undefined

示例
async.race([
    function(callback) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, 'one');
        }, 200);
    },
    function(callback) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, 'two');
        }, 100);
    }
],
// main callback
function(err, result) {
    // the result will be equal to 'two' as it finishes earlier
});
源码:

(static) retry(optsopt, task, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import retry from 'async/retry';

Attempts to get a successful response from task no more than times times before returning an error. If the task is successful, the callback will be passed the result of the successful task. If all attempts fail, the callback will be passed the error and result (if any) of the final attempt.

参数:
名称 类型 默认值 描述
opts Object | number <optional> {times: 5, interval: 0}| 5

Can be either an object with times and interval or a number.

  • times - The number of attempts to make before giving up. The default is 5.
  • interval - The time to wait between retries, in milliseconds. The default is 0. The interval may also be specified as a function of the retry count (see example).
  • errorFilter - An optional synchronous function that is invoked on erroneous result. If it returns true the retry attempts will continue; if the function returns false the retry flow is aborted with the current attempt's error and result being returned to the final callback. Invoked with (err).
  • If opts is a number, the number specifies the number of times to retry, with the default interval of 0.
task AsyncFunction

An async function to retry. Invoked with (callback).

callback function <optional>

An optional callback which is called when the task has succeeded, or after the final failed attempt. It receives the err and result arguments of the last attempt at completing the task. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise if no callback provided

类型
Promise
示例
// The `retry` function can be used as a stand-alone control flow by passing
// a callback, as shown below:

// try calling apiMethod 3 times
async.retry(3, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
    // do something with the result
});

// try calling apiMethod 3 times, waiting 200 ms between each retry
async.retry({times: 3, interval: 200}, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
    // do something with the result
});

// try calling apiMethod 10 times with exponential backoff
// (i.e. intervals of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, ... milliseconds)
async.retry({
  times: 10,
  interval: function(retryCount) {
    return 50 * Math.pow(2, retryCount);
  }
}, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
    // do something with the result
});

// try calling apiMethod the default 5 times no delay between each retry
async.retry(apiMethod, function(err, result) {
    // do something with the result
});

// try calling apiMethod only when error condition satisfies, all other
// errors will abort the retry control flow and return to final callback
async.retry({
  errorFilter: function(err) {
    return err.message === 'Temporary error'; // only retry on a specific error
  }
}, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
    // do something with the result
});

// to retry individual methods that are not as reliable within other
// control flow functions, use the `retryable` wrapper:
async.auto({
    users: api.getUsers.bind(api),
    payments: async.retryable(3, api.getPayments.bind(api))
}, function(err, results) {
    // do something with the results
});
源码:
参见:

(static) retryable(optsopt, task) → {AsyncFunction}

import retryable from 'async/retryable';

A close relative of retry. This method wraps a task and makes it retryable, rather than immediately calling it with retries.

参数:
名称 类型 默认值 描述
opts Object | number <optional> {times: 5, interval: 0}| 5

optional options, exactly the same as from retry, except for a opts.arity that is the arity of the task function, defaulting to task.length

task AsyncFunction

the asynchronous function to wrap. This function will be passed any arguments passed to the returned wrapper. Invoked with (...args, callback).

返回:

The wrapped function, which when invoked, will retry on an error, based on the parameters specified in opts. This function will accept the same parameters as task.

类型
AsyncFunction
示例
async.auto({
    dep1: async.retryable(3, getFromFlakyService),
    process: ["dep1", async.retryable(3, function (results, cb) {
        maybeProcessData(results.dep1, cb);
    })]
}, callback);
源码:
参见:

(static) seq(…functions) → {function}

import seq from 'async/seq';

Version of the compose function that is more natural to read. Each function consumes the return value of the previous function. It is the equivalent of compose with the arguments reversed.

Each function is executed with the this binding of the composed function.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
functions AsyncFunction

the asynchronous functions to compose

返回:

a function that composes the functions in order

类型
function
示例
// Requires lodash (or underscore), express3 and dresende's orm2.
// Part of an app, that fetches cats of the logged user.
// This example uses `seq` function to avoid overnesting and error
// handling clutter.
app.get('/cats', function(request, response) {
    var User = request.models.User;
    async.seq(
        _.bind(User.get, User),  // 'User.get' has signature (id, callback(err, data))
        function(user, fn) {
            user.getCats(fn);      // 'getCats' has signature (callback(err, data))
        }
    )(req.session.user_id, function (err, cats) {
        if (err) {
            console.error(err);
            response.json({ status: 'error', message: err.message });
        } else {
            response.json({ status: 'ok', message: 'Cats found', data: cats });
        }
    });
});
源码:
参见:

(static) series(tasks, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import series from 'async/series';

Run the functions in the tasks collection in series, each one running once the previous function has completed. If any functions in the series pass an error to its callback, no more functions are run, and callback is immediately called with the value of the error. Otherwise, callback receives an array of results when tasks have completed.

It is also possible to use an object instead of an array. Each property will be run as a function, and the results will be passed to the final callback as an object instead of an array. This can be a more readable way of handling results from async.series.

Note that while many implementations preserve the order of object properties, the ECMAScript Language Specification explicitly states that

The mechanics and order of enumerating the properties is not specified.

So if you rely on the order in which your series of functions are executed, and want this to work on all platforms, consider using an array.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
tasks Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection containing async functions to run in series. Each function can complete with any number of optional result values.

callback function <optional>

An optional callback to run once all the functions have completed. This function gets a results array (or object) containing all the result arguments passed to the task callbacks. Invoked with (err, result).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
示例
async.series([
    function(callback) {
        // do some stuff ...
        callback(null, 'one');
    },
    function(callback) {
        // do some more stuff ...
        callback(null, 'two');
    }
],
// optional callback
function(err, results) {
    // results is now equal to ['one', 'two']
});

async.series({
    one: function(callback) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, 1);
        }, 200);
    },
    two: function(callback){
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, 2);
        }, 100);
    }
}, function(err, results) {
    // results is now equal to: {one: 1, two: 2}
});
源码:

(static) times(n, iteratee, callback) → {Promise}

import times from 'async/times';

Calls the iteratee function n times, and accumulates results in the same manner you would use with map.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
n number

The number of times to run the function.

iteratee AsyncFunction

The async function to call n times. Invoked with the iteration index and a callback: (n, next).

callback function

see map.

返回:

a promise, if no callback is provided

类型
Promise
示例
// Pretend this is some complicated async factory
var createUser = function(id, callback) {
    callback(null, {
        id: 'user' + id
    });
};

// generate 5 users
async.times(5, function(n, next) {
    createUser(n, function(err, user) {
        next(err, user);
    });
}, function(err, users) {
    // we should now have 5 users
});
源码:
参见:

(static) timesLimit(count, limit, iteratee, callback) → {Promise}

import timesLimit from 'async/timesLimit';

The same as times but runs a maximum of limit async operations at a time.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
count number

The number of times to run the function.

limit number

The maximum number of async operations at a time.

iteratee AsyncFunction

The async function to call n times. Invoked with the iteration index and a callback: (n, next).

callback function

see async.map.

返回:

a promise, if no callback is provided

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) timesSeries(n, iteratee, callback) → {Promise}

import timesSeries from 'async/timesSeries';

The same as times but runs only a single async operation at a time.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
n number

The number of times to run the function.

iteratee AsyncFunction

The async function to call n times. Invoked with the iteration index and a callback: (n, next).

callback function

see map.

返回:

a promise, if no callback is provided

类型
Promise
源码:
参见:

(static) tryEach(tasks, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import tryEach from 'async/tryEach';

It runs each task in series but stops whenever any of the functions were successful. If one of the tasks were successful, the callback will be passed the result of the successful task. If all tasks fail, the callback will be passed the error and result (if any) of the final attempt.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
tasks Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object

A collection containing functions to run, each function is passed a callback(err, result) it must call on completion with an error err (which can be null) and an optional result value.

callback function <optional>

An optional callback which is called when one of the tasks has succeeded, or all have failed. It receives the err and result arguments of the last attempt at completing the task. Invoked with (err, results).

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
示例
async.tryEach([
    function getDataFromFirstWebsite(callback) {
        // Try getting the data from the first website
        callback(err, data);
    },
    function getDataFromSecondWebsite(callback) {
        // First website failed,
        // Try getting the data from the backup website
        callback(err, data);
    }
],
// optional callback
function(err, results) {
    Now do something with the data.
});
源码:

(static) until(test, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import until from 'async/until';

Repeatedly call iteratee until test returns true. Calls callback when stopped, or an error occurs. callback will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final iteratee's callback.

The inverse of whilst.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
test AsyncFunction

asynchronous truth test to perform before each execution of iteratee. Invoked with (callback).

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async function which is called each time test fails. Invoked with (callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after the test function has passed and repeated execution of iteratee has stopped. callback will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final iteratee's callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);

返回:

a promise, if a callback is not passed

类型
Promise
示例
const results = []
let finished = false
async.until(function test(cb) {
    cb(null, finished)
}, function iter(next) {
    fetchPage(url, (err, body) => {
        if (err) return next(err)
        results = results.concat(body.objects)
        finished = !!body.next
        next(err)
    })
}, function done (err) {
    // all pages have been fetched
})
源码:
参见:

(static) waterfall(tasks, callbackopt)

import waterfall from 'async/waterfall';

Runs the tasks array of functions in series, each passing their results to the next in the array. However, if any of the tasks pass an error to their own callback, the next function is not executed, and the main callback is immediately called with the error.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
tasks Array

An array of async functions to run. Each function should complete with any number of result values. The result values will be passed as arguments, in order, to the next task.

callback function <optional>

An optional callback to run once all the functions have completed. This will be passed the results of the last task's callback. Invoked with (err, [results]).

返回:

undefined

示例
async.waterfall([
    function(callback) {
        callback(null, 'one', 'two');
    },
    function(arg1, arg2, callback) {
        // arg1 now equals 'one' and arg2 now equals 'two'
        callback(null, 'three');
    },
    function(arg1, callback) {
        // arg1 now equals 'three'
        callback(null, 'done');
    }
], function (err, result) {
    // result now equals 'done'
});

// Or, with named functions:
async.waterfall([
    myFirstFunction,
    mySecondFunction,
    myLastFunction,
], function (err, result) {
    // result now equals 'done'
});
function myFirstFunction(callback) {
    callback(null, 'one', 'two');
}
function mySecondFunction(arg1, arg2, callback) {
    // arg1 now equals 'one' and arg2 now equals 'two'
    callback(null, 'three');
}
function myLastFunction(arg1, callback) {
    // arg1 now equals 'three'
    callback(null, 'done');
}
源码:

(static) whilst(test, iteratee, callbackopt) → {Promise}

import whilst from 'async/whilst';

Repeatedly call iteratee, while test returns true. Calls callback when stopped, or an error occurs.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
test AsyncFunction

asynchronous truth test to perform before each execution of iteratee. Invoked with ().

iteratee AsyncFunction

An async function which is called each time test passes. Invoked with (callback).

callback function <optional>

A callback which is called after the test function has failed and repeated execution of iteratee has stopped. callback will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final iteratee's callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);

返回:

a promise, if no callback is passed

类型
Promise
示例
var count = 0;
async.whilst(
    function test(cb) { cb(null, count < 5); },
    function iter(callback) {
        count++;
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, count);
        }, 1000);
    },
    function (err, n) {
        // 5 seconds have passed, n = 5
    }
);
源码:

类型定义

QueueObject

import queue from 'async/queue';

任务队列,通过 worker 函数处理完成

类型:
  • Iterable
属性:
名称 类型 描述
length function

返回等待处理项目的数量的函数。 通过 queue.length() 调用。

started boolean

boolean 值,是否有任务已经推入队列或已被处理过。

running function

函数,返回当前正在处理的任务数量。 用法:queue.running()

workersList function

函数,返回当前正在处理的任务数组。 用法:queue.workersList()

idle function

函数,当有任务等待处理时,返回 false;否则返回 true。 用法:queue.idle()

concurrency number

整型值,决定了多少 worker 函数可以并发运行。 queue 创建后,在运行中也可以修改此属性。

payload number

integer 值,指定了每次传给 work 函数的任务数量。 仅在 cargo 对象中生效。

push AsyncFunction

添加新任务到 queueworker 处理完任务后,会调用 callback。 不仅可以传入单个任务,还可以提交 tasks 数组。 队列中每个任务结束后都会调用 callback。 用法:queue.push(task, [callback])

unshift AsyncFunction

queue 前端推入任务。 用法:queue.unshift(task, [callback])

pushAsync AsyncFunction

q.push 一样,除了它会返回 Promise 对象, 并在出错时产生 reject。

unshirtAsync AsyncFunction

q.unshift 一样,除了它会返回 Promise 对象, 并在出错时产生 reject。

remove function

使用测试函数检测,如果匹配则会移除任务。 如果是 priorityQueue 对象, test 函数会传入一个具有 datapriority 属性的 object。 用法:queue.remove(testFn),其中 testFn 的形式是: function ({data, priority}) {},并需要返回 Boolean。

saturated function

饱和。函数设置了一个callback,当运行的 worker 数量 遇到 concurrency 限制、更多任务将会排队时触发。 如果省略了 callback,q.saturated() 会返回一个 Promise 用于下次事件的发生。

unsaturated function

不饱和。函数设置了一个callback,当运行的 worker 数量 少于 concurrencybuffer 限制,不会再有任务排队时触发。 如果省略了 callback,q.unsaturated() 会返回一个 Promise 用于下次事件的发生。

buffer number

认定 queue 为不饱和(unsaturated)的最小缓冲阈值

empty function

当队列中最后一项任务从 queue 分配到 worker 时触发设置的回调函数。 如果省略了 callback,q.empty() 会返回一个 Promise 用于下次事件的发生。

drain function

当队列中最后一项任务从 worker 返回时触发设置的回调函数。 如果省略了 callback,q.drain() 会返回一个 Promise 用于下次事件的发生。

error function

设置单个任务出错时的回调函数。 函数签名:function(error, task)。 如果省略了 callback,error() 会返回一个 Promise,并在下次出错时 reject。

paused boolean

指示队列是否处于暂停状态的 boolean 值

pause function

使队列暂停,直至调用 resume() 后继续。 用法:queue.pause()

resume function

继续运行暂停中的队列。 用法:queue.resume()

kill function

该函数移除所有 drain 回调函数,清空任务,强制队列进入 闲置模式。调用此函数后,不应再把任务推入队列。 用法:queue.kill()

源码:
示例:
const q = async.queue(worker, 2)
q.push(item1)
q.push(item2)
q.push(item3)
// queue 是可迭代的,展开成 array 后检测
const items = [...q] // [item1, item2, item3]
// 或使用 for of
for (let item of q) {
    console.log(item)
}

q.drain(() => {
    console.log('all done')
})
// 或
await q.drain()

实用工具(Utils)

async 实用工具函数集

源码:

方法

(static) apply(fn) → {function}

import apply from 'async/apply';

Creates a continuation function with some arguments already applied.

Useful as a shorthand when combined with other control flow functions. Any arguments passed to the returned function are added to the arguments originally passed to apply.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
fn function

The function you want to eventually apply all arguments to. Invokes with (arguments...).

arguments... *

Any number of arguments to automatically apply when the continuation is called.

返回:

the partially-applied function

类型
function
示例
// using apply
async.parallel([
    async.apply(fs.writeFile, 'testfile1', 'test1'),
    async.apply(fs.writeFile, 'testfile2', 'test2')
]);


// the same process without using apply
async.parallel([
    function(callback) {
        fs.writeFile('testfile1', 'test1', callback);
    },
    function(callback) {
        fs.writeFile('testfile2', 'test2', callback);
    }
]);

// It's possible to pass any number of additional arguments when calling the
// continuation:

node> var fn = async.apply(sys.puts, 'one');
node> fn('two', 'three');
one
two
three
源码:

(static) asyncify(func) → {AsyncFunction}

import asyncify from 'async/asyncify';

将同步函数转为异步,将返回值传给 callback。 帮助同步函数传入瀑布函数(waterfall)、串行函数(series)或其他 async 函数。 除了最后一个 callback 参数外,所有传入的参数都会传给包装的函数。 抛出的错误则会传给 callback。

如果传给 asyncify 的函数返回了一个 Promise,则回调函数会自动根据状态调用 resolved/rejected, 而不是仅仅返回同步的值。

这样就意味着支持 ES2017 async 函数。

别名:
  • wrapSync
参数:
名称 类型 描述
func function

待转换成 AsyncFunction 的同步函数、返回 Promise 的函数。

返回:

func 的异步包装, 会以 (args..., callback) 调用。

类型
AsyncFunction
示例
// 传入常规同步函数
async.waterfall([
    async.apply(fs.readFile, filename, "utf8"),
    async.asyncify(JSON.parse),
    function (data, next) {
        // data 是解析后的 text
        // 若出现错误,会被捕获。
    }
], callback);

// 传入返回 promise 的函数
async.waterfall([
    async.apply(fs.readFile, filename, "utf8"),
    async.asyncify(function (contents) {
        return db.model.create(contents);
    }),
    function (model, next) {
        // `model` 是 model 对象实例
        // 若出现错误,此函数会被跳过
    }
], callback);

// es2017 例子,当然如果 JS 环境支持 async 函数,就不需要 `asyncify` 化
var q = async.queue(async.asyncify(async function(file) {
    var intermediateStep = await processFile(file);
    return await somePromise(intermediateStep)
}));

q.push(files);
源码:

(static) constant() → {AsyncFunction}

import constant from 'async/constant';

Returns a function that when called, calls-back with the values provided. Useful as the first function in a waterfall, or for plugging values in to auto.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
arguments... *

Any number of arguments to automatically invoke callback with.

返回:

Returns a function that when invoked, automatically invokes the callback with the previous given arguments.

类型
AsyncFunction
示例
async.waterfall([
    async.constant(42),
    function (value, next) {
        // value === 42
    },
    //...
], callback);

async.waterfall([
    async.constant(filename, "utf8"),
    fs.readFile,
    function (fileData, next) {
        //...
    }
    //...
], callback);

async.auto({
    hostname: async.constant("https://server.net/"),
    port: findFreePort,
    launchServer: ["hostname", "port", function (options, cb) {
        startServer(options, cb);
    }],
    //...
}, callback);
源码:

(static) dir(function)

import dir from 'async/dir';

Logs the result of an async function to the console using console.dir to display the properties of the resulting object. Only works in Node.js or in browsers that support console.dir and console.error (such as FF and Chrome). If multiple arguments are returned from the async function, console.dir is called on each argument in order.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
function AsyncFunction

The function you want to eventually apply all arguments to.

arguments... *

Any number of arguments to apply to the function.

示例
// in a module
var hello = function(name, callback) {
    setTimeout(function() {
        callback(null, {hello: name});
    }, 1000);
};

// in the node repl
node> async.dir(hello, 'world');
{hello: 'world'}
源码:

(static) ensureAsync(fn) → {AsyncFunction}

import ensureAsync from 'async/ensureAsync';

Wrap an async function and ensure it calls its callback on a later tick of the event loop. If the function already calls its callback on a next tick, no extra deferral is added. This is useful for preventing stack overflows (RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded) and generally keeping Zalgo contained. ES2017 async functions are returned as-is -- they are immune to Zalgo's corrupting influences, as they always resolve on a later tick.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
fn AsyncFunction

an async function, one that expects a node-style callback as its last argument.

返回:

Returns a wrapped function with the exact same call signature as the function passed in.

类型
AsyncFunction
示例
function sometimesAsync(arg, callback) {
    if (cache[arg]) {
        return callback(null, cache[arg]); // this would be synchronous!!
    } else {
        doSomeIO(arg, callback); // this IO would be asynchronous
    }
}

// this has a risk of stack overflows if many results are cached in a row
async.mapSeries(args, sometimesAsync, done);

// this will defer sometimesAsync's callback if necessary,
// preventing stack overflows
async.mapSeries(args, async.ensureAsync(sometimesAsync), done);
源码:

(static) log(function)

import log from 'async/log';

Logs the result of an async function to the console. Only works in Node.js or in browsers that support console.log and console.error (such as FF and Chrome). If multiple arguments are returned from the async function, console.log is called on each argument in order.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
function AsyncFunction

The function you want to eventually apply all arguments to.

arguments... *

Any number of arguments to apply to the function.

示例
// in a module
var hello = function(name, callback) {
    setTimeout(function() {
        callback(null, 'hello ' + name);
    }, 1000);
};

// in the node repl
node> async.log(hello, 'world');
'hello world'
源码:

(static) memoize(fn, hasher) → {AsyncFunction}

import memoize from 'async/memoize';

Caches the results of an async function. When creating a hash to store function results against, the callback is omitted from the hash and an optional hash function can be used.

Note: if the async function errs, the result will not be cached and subsequent calls will call the wrapped function.

If no hash function is specified, the first argument is used as a hash key, which may work reasonably if it is a string or a data type that converts to a distinct string. Note that objects and arrays will not behave reasonably. Neither will cases where the other arguments are significant. In such cases, specify your own hash function.

The cache of results is exposed as the memo property of the function returned by memoize.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
fn AsyncFunction

The async function to proxy and cache results from.

hasher function

An optional function for generating a custom hash for storing results. It has all the arguments applied to it apart from the callback, and must be synchronous.

返回:

a memoized version of fn

类型
AsyncFunction
示例
var slow_fn = function(name, callback) {
    // do something
    callback(null, result);
};
var fn = async.memoize(slow_fn);

// fn can now be used as if it were slow_fn
fn('some name', function() {
    // callback
});
源码:

(static) nextTick(callback)

import nextTick from 'async/nextTick';

Calls callback on a later loop around the event loop. In Node.js this just calls process.nextTick. In the browser it will use setImmediate if available, otherwise setTimeout(callback, 0), which means other higher priority events may precede the execution of callback.

This is used internally for browser-compatibility purposes.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
callback function

The function to call on a later loop around the event loop. Invoked with (args...).

args... *

any number of additional arguments to pass to the callback on the next tick.

示例
var call_order = [];
async.nextTick(function() {
    call_order.push('two');
    // call_order now equals ['one','two']
});
call_order.push('one');

async.setImmediate(function (a, b, c) {
    // a, b, and c equal 1, 2, and 3
}, 1, 2, 3);
源码:
参见:

(static) reflect(fn) → {function}

import reflect from 'async/reflect';

Wraps the async function in another function that always completes with a result object, even when it errors.

The result object has either the property error or value.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
fn AsyncFunction

The async function you want to wrap

返回:
  • A function that always passes null to it's callback as the error. The second argument to the callback will be an object with either an error or a value property.
类型
function
示例
async.parallel([
    async.reflect(function(callback) {
        // do some stuff ...
        callback(null, 'one');
    }),
    async.reflect(function(callback) {
        // do some more stuff but error ...
        callback('bad stuff happened');
    }),
    async.reflect(function(callback) {
        // do some more stuff ...
        callback(null, 'two');
    })
],
// optional callback
function(err, results) {
    // values
    // results[0].value = 'one'
    // results[1].error = 'bad stuff happened'
    // results[2].value = 'two'
});
源码:

(static) reflectAll(tasks) → {Array}

import reflectAll from 'async/reflectAll';

A helper function that wraps an array or an object of functions with reflect.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
tasks Array | Object | Iterable

The collection of async functions to wrap in async.reflect.

返回:

Returns an array of async functions, each wrapped in async.reflect

类型
Array
示例
let tasks = [
    function(callback) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, 'one');
        }, 200);
    },
    function(callback) {
        // do some more stuff but error ...
        callback(new Error('bad stuff happened'));
    },
    function(callback) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, 'two');
        }, 100);
    }
];

async.parallel(async.reflectAll(tasks),
// optional callback
function(err, results) {
    // values
    // results[0].value = 'one'
    // results[1].error = Error('bad stuff happened')
    // results[2].value = 'two'
});

// an example using an object instead of an array
let tasks = {
    one: function(callback) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, 'one');
        }, 200);
    },
    two: function(callback) {
        callback('two');
    },
    three: function(callback) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            callback(null, 'three');
        }, 100);
    }
};

async.parallel(async.reflectAll(tasks),
// optional callback
function(err, results) {
    // values
    // results.one.value = 'one'
    // results.two.error = 'two'
    // results.three.value = 'three'
});
源码:
参见:

(static) setImmediate(callback)

import setImmediate from 'async/setImmediate';

Calls callback on a later loop around the event loop. In Node.js this just calls setImmediate. In the browser it will use setImmediate if available, otherwise setTimeout(callback, 0), which means other higher priority events may precede the execution of callback.

This is used internally for browser-compatibility purposes.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
callback function

The function to call on a later loop around the event loop. Invoked with (args...).

args... *

any number of additional arguments to pass to the callback on the next tick.

示例
var call_order = [];
async.nextTick(function() {
    call_order.push('two');
    // call_order now equals ['one','two']
});
call_order.push('one');

async.setImmediate(function (a, b, c) {
    // a, b, and c equal 1, 2, and 3
}, 1, 2, 3);
源码:
参见:

(static) timeout(asyncFn, milliseconds, infoopt) → {AsyncFunction}

import timeout from 'async/timeout';

为异步函数设置时间限制。如果函数没有在设定的毫秒内调用 callback, 将以 timeout 错误调用。 错误对象的代码会是 'ETIMEDOUT'

参数:
名称 类型 描述
asyncFn AsyncFunction

要限制时间的 async 函数。

milliseconds number

设定的超时毫秒数。

info * <optional>

附加到 timeout Error 上的额外信息变量(stringobject等类型)

返回:

返回包装好的函数,可用于控制流函数。 以 asyncFunc 同样的参数调用此函数。

类型
AsyncFunction
示例
function myFunction(foo, callback) {
    doAsyncTask(foo, function(err, data) {
        // 处理错误
        if (err) return callback(err);

        // 处理事项 ...

        // return 处理后的数据
        return callback(null, data);
    });
}

var wrapped = async.timeout(myFunction, 1000);

// 以 `myFunction` 的同样方式调用 `wrapped`
wrapped({ bar: 'bar' }, function(err, data) {
    // 若 `myFunction` 执行耗时 < 1000 ms,`err`
    // 和 `data` 会以预期的值返回。

    // 不然 `err` 会是代码 'ETIMEDOUT' 的 Error
});
源码:

(static) unmemoize(fn) → {AsyncFunction}

import unmemoize from 'async/unmemoize';

Undoes a memoized function, reverting it to the original, unmemoized form. Handy for testing.

参数:
名称 类型 描述
fn AsyncFunction

the memoized function

返回:

a function that calls the original unmemoized function

类型
AsyncFunction
源码:
参见: