Async 是一个直截了当、强大的异步 JavaScript 实用工具模块。
尽管最初是设计用于 Node.js,
可通过 npm install --save async
安装,但它也可以直接用于浏览器。
- 源码:
- 参见:
Async 是一个直截了当、强大的异步 JavaScript 实用工具模块。
尽管最初是设计用于 Node.js,
可通过 npm install --save async
安装,但它也可以直接用于浏览器。
import concat from 'async/concat';
为 coll
中的每一项应用 iteratee
,并且合并结果。
返回合并后的列表。
以并发调用 iteratee
,并且合并它们返回的结果。
返回的结果数组顺序是传给 iteratee
的 coll
原始顺序。
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | 需要遍历的集合 |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | 函数,应用到 |
callback |
function <optional> | 在所有 |
忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise
async.concat(['dir1','dir2','dir3'], fs.readdir, function(err, files) {
// 现在 files 是在 3 个目录中已存在的文件名
});
import concatLimit from 'async/concatLimit';
类似 concat
,但限制了同时最多为 limit
的异步操作数量。
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | 需要遍历的集合 |
limit |
number | 同时最多为 |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | 函数,应用到 |
callback |
function <optional> | 在所有 |
忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise
A Promise, if no callback is passed
import concatSeries from 'async/concatSeries';
类似 concat
,但限制了同时只能有一个异步操作
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | 需要遍历的集合 |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | 函数,应用到 |
callback |
function <optional> | 在所有 |
忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise
import detect from 'async/detect';
Returns the first value in coll
that passes an async truth test. The
iteratee
is applied in parallel, meaning the first iteratee to return
true
will fire the detect callback
with that result. That means the
result might not be the first item in the original coll
(in terms of order)
that passes the test.
If order within the original coll
is important, then look at
detectSeries
.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | A truth test to apply to each item in |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called as soon as any
iteratee returns |
A Promise, if no callback is passed
async.detect(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
callback(null, !err)
});
}, function(err, result) {
// result now equals the first file in the list that exists
});
import detectLimit from 'async/detectLimit';
The same as detect
but runs a maximum of limit
async operations at a
time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
limit |
number | The maximum number of async operations at a time. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | A truth test to apply to each item in |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called as soon as any
iteratee returns |
a Promise if no callback is passed
import detectSeries from 'async/detectSeries';
The same as detect
but runs only a single async operation at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | A truth test to apply to each item in |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called as soon as any
iteratee returns |
a Promise if no callback is passed
import each from 'async/each';
为 coll
内每一项并发地应用函数 iteratee
。
用列表中的每一项来调用 iteratee
,并在完成后调用 callback。
如果 iteratee
传递一个 error 给它的 callback
,
会以此 error 为参数,立即调用 each
函数的主回调函数。
注意:由于此函数会并发的应用 iteratee
,所以不保证结束顺序。
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | 需要遍历的集合 |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | 异步函数,应用到 |
callback |
function <optional> | 当所有项目都用 |
忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise
// 假设 openFiles 是文件名数组,saveFile 是保存文件修改内容的函数:
async.each(openFiles, saveFile, function(err){
// 如果任意一次保存产生一个 error,这个 err 等于那个 error
});
// 假设 openFiles 是文件名数组
async.each(openFiles, function(file, callback) {
// 在此执行文件操作
console.log('Processing file ' + file);
if( file.length > 32 ) {
console.log('This file name is too long');
callback('File name too long');
} else {
// 在此执行文件操作
console.log('File processed');
callback();
}
}, function(err) {
// 如果任意一次文件处理产生一个 error,这个 err 等于那个 error
if( err ) {
// 只要有一次迭代产生 error,
// 所有的处理都会立即停止。
console.log('A file failed to process');
} else {
console.log('All files have been processed successfully');
}
});
import eachLimit from 'async/eachLimit';
和 each
一样,但限定了同时最多执行 limit
数的异步操作
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | 需要迭代的集合 |
limit |
number | 同时最多操作的数量 |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | 异步函数,应用到 |
callback |
function <optional> | 当所有项目都用 |
忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise
import eachOf from 'async/eachOf';
类似 each
,但它会把 key (或 index) 作为第二个参数传给迭代器
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | 需要遍历的集合 |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | 异步函数,应用到 |
callback |
function <optional> | 当所有项目都用 |
忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise
var obj = {dev: "/dev.json", test: "/test.json", prod: "/prod.json"};
var configs = {};
async.forEachOf(obj, function (value, key, callback) {
fs.readFile(__dirname + value, "utf8", function (err, data) {
if (err) return callback(err);
try {
configs[key] = JSON.parse(data);
} catch (e) {
return callback(e);
}
callback();
});
}, function (err) {
if (err) console.error(err.message);
// configs 现在是 JSON 数据的映射
doSomethingWith(configs);
});
import eachOfLimit from 'async/eachOfLimit';
类似 eachOf
,但限制了同时最多有 limit
个异步操作
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | 需要遍历的集合 |
limit |
number | 同时最多的异步操作数量 |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | 异步函数,应用到 |
callback |
function <optional> | 当所有项目都用 |
忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise
import eachOfSeries from 'async/eachOfSeries';
类似 eachOf
但只有单个异步操作顺序执行
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | 需要遍历的集合 |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | 异步函数,应用到 |
callback |
function <optional> | 当所有项目都用 |
忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | 需要遍历的集合 |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | 异步函数,应用到 |
callback |
function <optional> | 当所有项目都用 |
忽略 callback 时,会返回一个 promise
import every from 'async/every';
Returns true
if every element in coll
satisfies an async test. If any
iteratee call returns false
, the main callback
is immediately called.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async truth test to apply to each item in the collection in parallel. The iteratee must complete with a boolean result value. Invoked with (item, callback). |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback provided
async.every(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
callback(null, !err)
});
}, function(err, result) {
// if result is true then every file exists
});
import everyLimit from 'async/everyLimit';
The same as every
but runs a maximum of limit
async operations at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
limit |
number | The maximum number of async operations at a time. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async truth test to apply to each item in the collection in parallel. The iteratee must complete with a boolean result value. Invoked with (item, callback). |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback provided
import everySeries from 'async/everySeries';
The same as every
but runs only a single async operation at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async truth test to apply to each item in the collection in series. The iteratee must complete with a boolean result value. Invoked with (item, callback). |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback provided
import filter from 'async/filter';
Returns a new array of all the values in coll
which pass an async truth
test. This operation is performed in parallel, but the results array will be
in the same order as the original.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
function | A truth test to apply to each item in |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback provided
async.filter(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
callback(null, !err)
});
}, function(err, results) {
// results now equals an array of the existing files
});
import filterLimit from 'async/filterLimit';
The same as filter
but runs a maximum of limit
async operations at a
time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
limit |
number | The maximum number of async operations at a time. |
iteratee |
function | A truth test to apply to each item in |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback provided
import filterSeries from 'async/filterSeries';
The same as filter
but runs only a single async operation at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
function | A truth test to apply to each item in |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback provided
import groupBy from 'async/groupBy';
Returns a new object, where each value corresponds to an array of items, from
coll
, that returned the corresponding key. That is, the keys of the object
correspond to the values passed to the iteratee
callback.
Note: Since this function applies the iteratee
to each item in parallel,
there is no guarantee that the iteratee
functions will complete in order.
However, the values for each key in the result
will be in the same order as
the original coll
. For Objects, the values will roughly be in the order of
the original Objects' keys (but this can vary across JavaScript engines).
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async function to apply to each item in
|
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called when all |
a promise, if no callback is passed
async.groupBy(['userId1', 'userId2', 'userId3'], function(userId, callback) {
db.findById(userId, function(err, user) {
if (err) return callback(err);
return callback(null, user.age);
});
}, function(err, result) {
// result is object containing the userIds grouped by age
// e.g. { 30: ['userId1', 'userId3'], 42: ['userId2']};
});
import groupByLimit from 'async/groupByLimit';
The same as groupBy
but runs a maximum of limit
async operations at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
limit |
number | The maximum number of async operations at a time. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async function to apply to each item in
|
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called when all |
a promise, if no callback is passed
import groupBySeries from 'async/groupBySeries';
The same as groupBy
but runs only a single async operation at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async function to apply to each item in
|
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called when all |
a promise, if no callback is passed
import map from 'async/map';
Produces a new collection of values by mapping each value in coll
through
the iteratee
function. The iteratee
is called with an item from coll
and a callback for when it has finished processing. Each of these callback
takes 2 arguments: an error
, and the transformed item from coll
. If
iteratee
passes an error to its callback, the main callback
(for the
map
function) is immediately called with the error.
Note, that since this function applies the iteratee
to each item in
parallel, there is no guarantee that the iteratee
functions will complete
in order. However, the results array will be in the same order as the
original coll
.
If map
is passed an Object, the results will be an Array. The results
will roughly be in the order of the original Objects' keys (but this can
vary across JavaScript engines).
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async function to apply to each item in
|
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called when all |
a promise, if no callback is passed
async.map(['file1','file2','file3'], fs.stat, function(err, results) {
// results is now an array of stats for each file
});
import mapLimit from 'async/mapLimit';
The same as map
but runs a maximum of limit
async operations at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
limit |
number | The maximum number of async operations at a time. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async function to apply to each item in
|
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called when all |
a promise, if no callback is passed
import mapSeries from 'async/mapSeries';
The same as map
but runs only a single async operation at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async function to apply to each item in
|
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called when all |
a promise, if no callback is passed
import mapValues from 'async/mapValues';
A relative of map
, designed for use with objects.
Produces a new Object by mapping each value of obj
through the iteratee
function. The iteratee
is called each value
and key
from obj
and a
callback for when it has finished processing. Each of these callbacks takes
two arguments: an error
, and the transformed item from obj
. If iteratee
passes an error to its callback, the main callback
(for the mapValues
function) is immediately called with the error.
Note, the order of the keys in the result is not guaranteed. The keys will be roughly in the order they complete, (but this is very engine-specific)
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
obj |
Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | A function to apply to each value and key
in |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called when all |
a promise, if no callback is passed
async.mapValues({
f1: 'file1',
f2: 'file2',
f3: 'file3'
}, function (file, key, callback) {
fs.stat(file, callback);
}, function(err, result) {
// result is now a map of stats for each file, e.g.
// {
// f1: [stats for file1],
// f2: [stats for file2],
// f3: [stats for file3]
// }
});
import mapValuesLimit from 'async/mapValuesLimit';
The same as mapValues
but runs a maximum of limit
async operations at a
time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
obj |
Object | A collection to iterate over. |
limit |
number | The maximum number of async operations at a time. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | A function to apply to each value and key
in |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called when all |
a promise, if no callback is passed
import mapValuesSeries from 'async/mapValuesSeries';
The same as mapValues
but runs only a single async operation at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
obj |
Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | A function to apply to each value and key
in |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called when all |
a promise, if no callback is passed
import reduce from 'async/reduce';
Reduces coll
into a single value using an async iteratee
to return each
successive step. memo
is the initial state of the reduction. This function
only operates in series.
For performance reasons, it may make sense to split a call to this function
into a parallel map, and then use the normal Array.prototype.reduce
on the
results. This function is for situations where each step in the reduction
needs to be async; if you can get the data before reducing it, then it's
probably a good idea to do so.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
memo |
* | The initial state of the reduction. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | A function applied to each item in the
array to produce the next step in the reduction.
The |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback is passed
async.reduce([1,2,3], 0, function(memo, item, callback) {
// pointless async:
process.nextTick(function() {
callback(null, memo + item)
});
}, function(err, result) {
// result is now equal to the last value of memo, which is 6
});
import reduceRight from 'async/reduceRight';
Same as reduce
, only operates on array
in reverse order.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
array |
Array | A collection to iterate over. |
memo |
* | The initial state of the reduction. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | A function applied to each item in the
array to produce the next step in the reduction.
The |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback is passed
import reject from 'async/reject';
The opposite of filter
. Removes values that pass an async
truth test.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
function | An async truth test to apply to each item in
|
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback is passed
async.reject(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
callback(null, !err)
});
}, function(err, results) {
// results now equals an array of missing files
createFiles(results);
});
import rejectLimit from 'async/rejectLimit';
The same as reject
but runs a maximum of limit
async operations at a
time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
limit |
number | The maximum number of async operations at a time. |
iteratee |
function | An async truth test to apply to each item in
|
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback is passed
import rejectSeries from 'async/rejectSeries';
The same as reject
but runs only a single async operation at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
function | An async truth test to apply to each item in
|
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback is passed
import some from 'async/some';
Returns true
if at least one element in the coll
satisfies an async test.
If any iteratee call returns true
, the main callback
is immediately
called.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async truth test to apply to each item
in the collections in parallel.
The iteratee should complete with a boolean |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called as soon as any
iteratee returns |
a promise, if no callback provided
async.some(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
callback(null, !err)
});
}, function(err, result) {
// if result is true then at least one of the files exists
});
import someLimit from 'async/someLimit';
The same as some
but runs a maximum of limit
async operations at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
limit |
number | The maximum number of async operations at a time. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async truth test to apply to each item
in the collections in parallel.
The iteratee should complete with a boolean |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called as soon as any
iteratee returns |
a promise, if no callback provided
import someSeries from 'async/someSeries';
The same as some
but runs only a single async operation at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async truth test to apply to each item
in the collections in series.
The iteratee should complete with a boolean |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called as soon as any
iteratee returns |
a promise, if no callback provided
import sortBy from 'async/sortBy';
Sorts a list by the results of running each coll
value through an async
iteratee
.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async function to apply to each item in
|
callback |
function | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback passed
async.sortBy(['file1','file2','file3'], function(file, callback) {
fs.stat(file, function(err, stats) {
callback(err, stats.mtime);
});
}, function(err, results) {
// results is now the original array of files sorted by
// modified date
});
// By modifying the callback parameter the
// sorting order can be influenced:
// ascending order
async.sortBy([1,9,3,5], function(x, callback) {
callback(null, x);
}, function(err,result) {
// result callback
});
// descending order
async.sortBy([1,9,3,5], function(x, callback) {
callback(null, x*-1); //<- x*-1 instead of x, turns the order around
}, function(err,result) {
// result callback
});
import transform from 'async/transform';
A relative of reduce
. Takes an Object or Array, and iterates over each
element in parallel, each step potentially mutating an accumulator
value.
The type of the accumulator defaults to the type of collection passed in.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
coll |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection to iterate over. |
accumulator |
* <optional> | The initial state of the transform. If omitted,
it will default to an empty Object or Array, depending on the type of |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | A function applied to each item in the collection that potentially modifies the accumulator. Invoked with (accumulator, item, key, callback). |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after all the
|
a promise, if no callback provided
async.transform([1,2,3], function(acc, item, index, callback) {
// pointless async:
process.nextTick(function() {
acc[index] = item * 2
callback(null)
});
}, function(err, result) {
// result is now equal to [2, 4, 6]
});
async.transform({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}, function (obj, val, key, callback) {
setImmediate(function () {
obj[key] = val * 2;
callback();
})
}, function (err, result) {
// result is equal to {a: 2, b: 4, c: 6}
})
import applyEach from 'async/applyEach';
Applies the provided arguments to each function in the array, calling
callback
after all functions have completed. If you only provide the first
argument, fns
, then it will return a function which lets you pass in the
arguments as if it were a single function call. If more arguments are
provided, callback
is required while args
is still optional. The results
for each of the applied async functions are passed to the final callback
as an array.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
fns |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection of AsyncFunctions to all call with the same arguments |
args |
* <optional> | any number of separate arguments to pass to the function. |
callback |
function <optional> | the final argument should be the callback, called when all functions have completed processing. |
args
to each
of the functions.const appliedFn = async.applyEach([enableSearch, updateSchema], 'bucket')
appliedFn((err, results) => {
// results[0] is the results for `enableSearch`
// results[1] is the results for `updateSchema`
});
// partial application example:
async.each(
buckets,
async (bucket) => async.applyEach([enableSearch, updateSchema], bucket)(),
callback
);
import applyEachSeries from 'async/applyEachSeries';
The same as applyEach
but runs only a single async operation at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
fns |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection of AsyncFunctions to all call with the same arguments |
args |
* <optional> | any number of separate arguments to pass to the function. |
callback |
function <optional> | the final argument should be the callback, called when all functions have completed processing. |
args
to the list of functions. It takes no args, other than
a callback.import auto from 'async/auto';
Determines the best order for running the AsyncFunctions in tasks
, based on
their requirements. Each function can optionally depend on other functions
being completed first, and each function is run as soon as its requirements
are satisfied.
If any of the AsyncFunctions pass an error to their callback, the auto
sequence
will stop. Further tasks will not execute (so any other functions depending
on it will not run), and the main callback
is immediately called with the
error.
AsyncFunctions also receive an object containing the results of functions which have completed so far as the first argument, if they have dependencies. If a task function has no dependencies, it will only be passed a callback.
名称 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
---|---|---|---|
tasks |
Object | An object. Each of its properties is either a function or an array of requirements, with the AsyncFunction itself the last item in the array. The object's key of a property serves as the name of the task defined by that property, i.e. can be used when specifying requirements for other tasks. The function receives one or two arguments:
|
|
concurrency |
number <optional> | Infinity | An optional |
callback |
function <optional> | An optional callback which is called when all
the tasks have been completed. It receives the |
a promise, if a callback is not passed
async.auto({
// this function will just be passed a callback
readData: async.apply(fs.readFile, 'data.txt', 'utf-8'),
showData: ['readData', function(results, cb) {
// results.readData is the file's contents
// ...
}]
}, callback);
async.auto({
get_data: function(callback) {
console.log('in get_data');
// async code to get some data
callback(null, 'data', 'converted to array');
},
make_folder: function(callback) {
console.log('in make_folder');
// async code to create a directory to store a file in
// this is run at the same time as getting the data
callback(null, 'folder');
},
write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(results, callback) {
console.log('in write_file', JSON.stringify(results));
// once there is some data and the directory exists,
// write the data to a file in the directory
callback(null, 'filename');
}],
email_link: ['write_file', function(results, callback) {
console.log('in email_link', JSON.stringify(results));
// once the file is written let's email a link to it...
// results.write_file contains the filename returned by write_file.
callback(null, {'file':results.write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
}]
}, function(err, results) {
console.log('err = ', err);
console.log('results = ', results);
});
import autoInject from 'async/autoInject';
A dependency-injected version of the async.auto function. Dependent tasks are specified as parameters to the function, after the usual callback parameter, with the parameter names matching the names of the tasks it depends on. This can provide even more readable task graphs which can be easier to maintain.
If a final callback is specified, the task results are similarly injected, specified as named parameters after the initial error parameter.
The autoInject function is purely syntactic sugar and its semantics are otherwise equivalent to async.auto.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
tasks |
Object | An object, each of whose properties is an AsyncFunction of the form 'func([dependencies...], callback). The object's key of a property serves as the name of the task defined by that property, i.e. can be used when specifying requirements for other tasks.
|
callback |
function <optional> | An optional callback which is called when all
the tasks have been completed. It receives the |
a promise, if no callback is passed
// The example from `auto` can be rewritten as follows:
async.autoInject({
get_data: function(callback) {
// async code to get some data
callback(null, 'data', 'converted to array');
},
make_folder: function(callback) {
// async code to create a directory to store a file in
// this is run at the same time as getting the data
callback(null, 'folder');
},
write_file: function(get_data, make_folder, callback) {
// once there is some data and the directory exists,
// write the data to a file in the directory
callback(null, 'filename');
},
email_link: function(write_file, callback) {
// once the file is written let's email a link to it...
// write_file contains the filename returned by write_file.
callback(null, {'file':write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
}
}, function(err, results) {
console.log('err = ', err);
console.log('email_link = ', results.email_link);
});
// If you are using a JS minifier that mangles parameter names, `autoInject`
// will not work with plain functions, since the parameter names will be
// collapsed to a single letter identifier. To work around this, you can
// explicitly specify the names of the parameters your task function needs
// in an array, similar to Angular.js dependency injection.
// This still has an advantage over plain `auto`, since the results a task
// depends on are still spread into arguments.
async.autoInject({
//...
write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(get_data, make_folder, callback) {
callback(null, 'filename');
}],
email_link: ['write_file', function(write_file, callback) {
callback(null, {'file':write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
}]
//...
}, function(err, results) {
console.log('err = ', err);
console.log('email_link = ', results.email_link);
});
import cargo from 'async/cargo';
Creates a cargo
object with the specified payload. Tasks added to the
cargo will be processed altogether (up to the payload
limit). If the
worker
is in progress, the task is queued until it becomes available. Once
the worker
has completed some tasks, each callback of those tasks is
called. Check out these animations
for how cargo
and queue
work.
While queue
passes only one task to one of a group of workers
at a time, cargo passes an array of tasks to a single worker, repeating
when the worker is finished.
名称 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
---|---|---|---|
worker |
AsyncFunction | An asynchronous function for processing an array
of queued tasks. Invoked with |
|
payload |
number <optional> | Infinity | An optional |
A cargo object to manage the tasks. Callbacks can attached as certain properties to listen for specific events during the lifecycle of the cargo and inner queue.
// create a cargo object with payload 2
var cargo = async.cargo(function(tasks, callback) {
for (var i=0; i<tasks.length; i++) {
console.log('hello ' + tasks[i].name);
}
callback();
}, 2);
// add some items
cargo.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
console.log('finished processing foo');
});
cargo.push({name: 'bar'}, function(err) {
console.log('finished processing bar');
});
await cargo.push({name: 'baz'});
console.log('finished processing baz');
import cargoQueue from 'async/cargoQueue';
Creates a cargoQueue
object with the specified payload. Tasks added to the
cargoQueue will be processed together (up to the payload
limit) in concurrency
parallel workers.
If the all workers
are in progress, the task is queued until one becomes available. Once
a worker
has completed some tasks, each callback of those tasks is
called. Check out these animations
for how cargo
and queue
work.
While queue
passes only one task to one of a group of workers
at a time, and cargo
passes an array of tasks to a single worker,
the cargoQueue passes an array of tasks to multiple parallel workers.
名称 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
---|---|---|---|
worker |
AsyncFunction | An asynchronous function for processing an array
of queued tasks. Invoked with |
|
concurrency |
number <optional> | 1 | An |
payload |
number <optional> | Infinity | An optional |
A cargoQueue object to manage the tasks. Callbacks can attached as certain properties to listen for specific events during the lifecycle of the cargoQueue and inner queue.
// create a cargoQueue object with payload 2 and concurrency 2
var cargoQueue = async.cargoQueue(function(tasks, callback) {
for (var i=0; i<tasks.length; i++) {
console.log('hello ' + tasks[i].name);
}
callback();
}, 2, 2);
// add some items
cargoQueue.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
console.log('finished processing foo');
});
cargoQueue.push({name: 'bar'}, function(err) {
console.log('finished processing bar');
});
cargoQueue.push({name: 'baz'}, function(err) {
console.log('finished processing baz');
});
cargoQueue.push({name: 'boo'}, function(err) {
console.log('finished processing boo');
});
async.cargo
import compose from 'async/compose';
Creates a function which is a composition of the passed asynchronous
functions. Each function consumes the return value of the function that
follows. Composing functions f()
, g()
, and h()
would produce the result
of f(g(h()))
, only this version uses callbacks to obtain the return values.
If the last argument to the composed function is not a function, a promise is returned when you call it.
Each function is executed with the this
binding of the composed function.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
functions |
AsyncFunction | the asynchronous functions to compose |
an asynchronous function that is the composed
asynchronous functions
function add1(n, callback) {
setTimeout(function () {
callback(null, n + 1);
}, 10);
}
function mul3(n, callback) {
setTimeout(function () {
callback(null, n * 3);
}, 10);
}
var add1mul3 = async.compose(mul3, add1);
add1mul3(4, function (err, result) {
// result now equals 15
});
import doUntil from 'async/doUntil';
Like 'doWhilst', except the test
is inverted. Note the
argument ordering differs from until
.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async function which is called each time
|
test |
AsyncFunction | asynchronous truth test to perform after each
execution of |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after the test
function has passed and repeated execution of |
a promise, if no callback is passed
import doWhilst from 'async/doWhilst';
The post-check version of whilst
. To reflect the difference in
the order of operations, the arguments test
and iteratee
are switched.
doWhilst
is to whilst
as do while
is to while
in plain JavaScript.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | A function which is called each time |
test |
AsyncFunction | asynchronous truth test to perform after each
execution of |
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after the test
function has failed and repeated execution of |
a promise, if no callback is passed
import forever from 'async/forever';
Calls the asynchronous function fn
with a callback parameter that allows it
to call itself again, in series, indefinitely.
If an error is passed to the callback then errback
is called with the
error, and execution stops, otherwise it will never be called.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
fn |
AsyncFunction | an async function to call repeatedly. Invoked with (next). |
errback |
function <optional> | when |
a promise that rejects if an error occurs and an errback is not passed
async.forever(
function(next) {
// next is suitable for passing to things that need a callback(err [, whatever]);
// it will result in this function being called again.
},
function(err) {
// if next is called with a value in its first parameter, it will appear
// in here as 'err', and execution will stop.
}
);
import parallel from 'async/parallel';
Run the tasks
collection of functions in parallel, without waiting until
the previous function has completed. If any of the functions pass an error to
its callback, the main callback
is immediately called with the value of the
error. Once the tasks
have completed, the results are passed to the final
callback
as an array.
Note: parallel
is about kicking-off I/O tasks in parallel, not about
parallel execution of code. If your tasks do not use any timers or perform
any I/O, they will actually be executed in series. Any synchronous setup
sections for each task will happen one after the other. JavaScript remains
single-threaded.
Hint: Use reflect
to continue the
execution of other tasks when a task fails.
It is also possible to use an object instead of an array. Each property will
be run as a function and the results will be passed to the final callback
as an object instead of an array. This can be a more readable way of handling
results from async.parallel.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
tasks |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection of
async functions to run.
Each async function can complete with any number of optional |
callback |
function <optional> | An optional callback to run once all the functions have completed successfully. This function gets a results array (or object) containing all the result arguments passed to the task callbacks. Invoked with (err, results). |
a promise, if a callback is not passed
async.parallel([
function(callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 'one');
}, 200);
},
function(callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 'two');
}, 100);
}
],
// optional callback
function(err, results) {
// the results array will equal ['one','two'] even though
// the second function had a shorter timeout.
});
// an example using an object instead of an array
async.parallel({
one: function(callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 1);
}, 200);
},
two: function(callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 2);
}, 100);
}
}, function(err, results) {
// results is now equals to: {one: 1, two: 2}
});
import parallelLimit from 'async/parallelLimit';
The same as parallel
but runs a maximum of limit
async operations at a
time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
tasks |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection of
async functions to run.
Each async function can complete with any number of optional |
limit |
number | The maximum number of async operations at a time. |
callback |
function <optional> | An optional callback to run once all the functions have completed successfully. This function gets a results array (or object) containing all the result arguments passed to the task callbacks. Invoked with (err, results). |
a promise, if a callback is not passed
import priorityQueue from 'async/priorityQueue';
The same as async.queue only tasks are assigned a priority and completed in ascending priority order.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
worker |
AsyncFunction | An async function for processing a queued task.
If you want to handle errors from an individual task, pass a callback to
|
concurrency |
number | An |
A priorityQueue object to manage the tasks. There are two
differences between queue
and priorityQueue
objects:
push(task, priority, [callback])
- priority
should be a number. If an
array of tasks
is given, all tasks will be assigned the same priority.unshift
method was removed.import queue from 'async/queue';
使用指定的并发数设置 concurrency
创建 queue
对象。
添加进 queue
的任务会并行处理(上限为 concurrency
数值)。
如果所有的 worker
都在处理中,任务将会排队等候。
一旦有 worker
完成了一个 task
,将调用 task
的回调函数(callback)。
名称 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
---|---|---|---|
worker |
AsyncFunction | 处理队列任务的异步函数。
如果想要处理单独的任务中的错误,为 |
|
concurrency |
number <optional> | 1 |
|
用来管理任务的 queue 对象。 可附加回调函数到某些属性上,并监听队列生命周期的一些事件。
// 以并发数 2 创建队列对象
var q = async.queue(function(task, callback) {
console.log('hello ' + task.name);
callback();
}, 2);
// 指定 callback
q.drain(function() {
console.log('all items have been processed');
});
// 或 await 至结束
await q.drain()
// 设置 error callback
q.error(function(err, task) {
console.error('task experienced an error');
});
// 为队列添加任务
q.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
console.log('finished processing foo');
});
// callback 可忽略
q.push({name: 'bar'});
// 批量添加任务到队列
q.push([{name: 'baz'},{name: 'bay'},{name: 'bax'}], function(err) {
console.log('finished processing item');
});
// 添加任务至队列的前排
q.unshift({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
console.log('finished processing bar');
});
import race from 'async/race';
Runs the tasks
array of functions in parallel, without waiting until the
previous function has completed. Once any of the tasks
complete or pass an
error to its callback, the main callback
is immediately called. It's
equivalent to Promise.race()
.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
tasks |
Array | An array containing async functions
to run. Each function can complete with an optional |
callback |
function | A callback to run once any of the functions have completed. This function gets an error or result from the first function that completed. Invoked with (err, result). |
undefined
async.race([
function(callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 'one');
}, 200);
},
function(callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 'two');
}, 100);
}
],
// main callback
function(err, result) {
// the result will be equal to 'two' as it finishes earlier
});
import retry from 'async/retry';
Attempts to get a successful response from task
no more than times
times
before returning an error. If the task is successful, the callback
will be
passed the result of the successful task. If all attempts fail, the callback
will be passed the error and result (if any) of the final attempt.
名称 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
---|---|---|---|
opts |
Object | number <optional> | {times: 5, interval: 0}| 5 | Can be either an
object with
|
task |
AsyncFunction | An async function to retry. Invoked with (callback). |
|
callback |
function <optional> | An optional callback which is called when the
task has succeeded, or after the final failed attempt. It receives the |
a promise if no callback provided
// The `retry` function can be used as a stand-alone control flow by passing
// a callback, as shown below:
// try calling apiMethod 3 times
async.retry(3, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
// do something with the result
});
// try calling apiMethod 3 times, waiting 200 ms between each retry
async.retry({times: 3, interval: 200}, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
// do something with the result
});
// try calling apiMethod 10 times with exponential backoff
// (i.e. intervals of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, ... milliseconds)
async.retry({
times: 10,
interval: function(retryCount) {
return 50 * Math.pow(2, retryCount);
}
}, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
// do something with the result
});
// try calling apiMethod the default 5 times no delay between each retry
async.retry(apiMethod, function(err, result) {
// do something with the result
});
// try calling apiMethod only when error condition satisfies, all other
// errors will abort the retry control flow and return to final callback
async.retry({
errorFilter: function(err) {
return err.message === 'Temporary error'; // only retry on a specific error
}
}, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
// do something with the result
});
// to retry individual methods that are not as reliable within other
// control flow functions, use the `retryable` wrapper:
async.auto({
users: api.getUsers.bind(api),
payments: async.retryable(3, api.getPayments.bind(api))
}, function(err, results) {
// do something with the results
});
import retryable from 'async/retryable';
A close relative of retry
. This method
wraps a task and makes it retryable, rather than immediately calling it
with retries.
名称 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
---|---|---|---|
opts |
Object | number <optional> | {times: 5, interval: 0}| 5 | optional
options, exactly the same as from |
task |
AsyncFunction | the asynchronous function to wrap. This function will be passed any arguments passed to the returned wrapper. Invoked with (...args, callback). |
The wrapped function, which when invoked, will
retry on an error, based on the parameters specified in opts
.
This function will accept the same parameters as task
.
async.auto({
dep1: async.retryable(3, getFromFlakyService),
process: ["dep1", async.retryable(3, function (results, cb) {
maybeProcessData(results.dep1, cb);
})]
}, callback);
import seq from 'async/seq';
Version of the compose function that is more natural to read. Each function consumes the return value of the previous function. It is the equivalent of compose with the arguments reversed.
Each function is executed with the this
binding of the composed function.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
functions |
AsyncFunction | the asynchronous functions to compose |
a function that composes the functions
in order
// Requires lodash (or underscore), express3 and dresende's orm2.
// Part of an app, that fetches cats of the logged user.
// This example uses `seq` function to avoid overnesting and error
// handling clutter.
app.get('/cats', function(request, response) {
var User = request.models.User;
async.seq(
_.bind(User.get, User), // 'User.get' has signature (id, callback(err, data))
function(user, fn) {
user.getCats(fn); // 'getCats' has signature (callback(err, data))
}
)(req.session.user_id, function (err, cats) {
if (err) {
console.error(err);
response.json({ status: 'error', message: err.message });
} else {
response.json({ status: 'ok', message: 'Cats found', data: cats });
}
});
});
import series from 'async/series';
Run the functions in the tasks
collection in series, each one running once
the previous function has completed. If any functions in the series pass an
error to its callback, no more functions are run, and callback
is
immediately called with the value of the error. Otherwise, callback
receives an array of results when tasks
have completed.
It is also possible to use an object instead of an array. Each property will
be run as a function, and the results will be passed to the final callback
as an object instead of an array. This can be a more readable way of handling
results from async.series.
Note that while many implementations preserve the order of object properties, the ECMAScript Language Specification explicitly states that
The mechanics and order of enumerating the properties is not specified.
So if you rely on the order in which your series of functions are executed, and want this to work on all platforms, consider using an array.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
tasks |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection containing
async functions to run in series.
Each function can complete with any number of optional |
callback |
function <optional> | An optional callback to run once all the
functions have completed. This function gets a results array (or object)
containing all the result arguments passed to the |
a promise, if no callback is passed
async.series([
function(callback) {
// do some stuff ...
callback(null, 'one');
},
function(callback) {
// do some more stuff ...
callback(null, 'two');
}
],
// optional callback
function(err, results) {
// results is now equal to ['one', 'two']
});
async.series({
one: function(callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 1);
}, 200);
},
two: function(callback){
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 2);
}, 100);
}
}, function(err, results) {
// results is now equal to: {one: 1, two: 2}
});
import times from 'async/times';
Calls the iteratee
function n
times, and accumulates results in the same
manner you would use with map.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
n |
number | The number of times to run the function. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | The async function to call |
callback |
function | see map. |
a promise, if no callback is provided
// Pretend this is some complicated async factory
var createUser = function(id, callback) {
callback(null, {
id: 'user' + id
});
};
// generate 5 users
async.times(5, function(n, next) {
createUser(n, function(err, user) {
next(err, user);
});
}, function(err, users) {
// we should now have 5 users
});
import timesLimit from 'async/timesLimit';
The same as times but runs a maximum of limit
async operations at a
time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
count |
number | The number of times to run the function. |
limit |
number | The maximum number of async operations at a time. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | The async function to call |
callback |
function | see async.map. |
a promise, if no callback is provided
import timesSeries from 'async/timesSeries';
The same as times but runs only a single async operation at a time.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
n |
number | The number of times to run the function. |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | The async function to call |
callback |
function | see map. |
a promise, if no callback is provided
import tryEach from 'async/tryEach';
It runs each task in series but stops whenever any of the functions were
successful. If one of the tasks were successful, the callback
will be
passed the result of the successful task. If all tasks fail, the callback
will be passed the error and result (if any) of the final attempt.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
tasks |
Array | Iterable | AsyncIterable | Object | A collection containing functions to
run, each function is passed a |
callback |
function <optional> | An optional callback which is called when one
of the tasks has succeeded, or all have failed. It receives the |
a promise, if no callback is passed
async.tryEach([
function getDataFromFirstWebsite(callback) {
// Try getting the data from the first website
callback(err, data);
},
function getDataFromSecondWebsite(callback) {
// First website failed,
// Try getting the data from the backup website
callback(err, data);
}
],
// optional callback
function(err, results) {
Now do something with the data.
});
import until from 'async/until';
Repeatedly call iteratee
until test
returns true
. Calls callback
when
stopped, or an error occurs. callback
will be passed an error and any
arguments passed to the final iteratee
's callback.
The inverse of whilst.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
test |
AsyncFunction | asynchronous truth test to perform before each
execution of |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async function which is called each time
|
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after the test
function has passed and repeated execution of |
a promise, if a callback is not passed
const results = []
let finished = false
async.until(function test(cb) {
cb(null, finished)
}, function iter(next) {
fetchPage(url, (err, body) => {
if (err) return next(err)
results = results.concat(body.objects)
finished = !!body.next
next(err)
})
}, function done (err) {
// all pages have been fetched
})
import waterfall from 'async/waterfall';
Runs the tasks
array of functions in series, each passing their results to
the next in the array. However, if any of the tasks
pass an error to their
own callback, the next function is not executed, and the main callback
is
immediately called with the error.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
tasks |
Array | An array of async functions
to run.
Each function should complete with any number of |
callback |
function <optional> | An optional callback to run once all the functions have completed. This will be passed the results of the last task's callback. Invoked with (err, [results]). |
undefined
async.waterfall([
function(callback) {
callback(null, 'one', 'two');
},
function(arg1, arg2, callback) {
// arg1 now equals 'one' and arg2 now equals 'two'
callback(null, 'three');
},
function(arg1, callback) {
// arg1 now equals 'three'
callback(null, 'done');
}
], function (err, result) {
// result now equals 'done'
});
// Or, with named functions:
async.waterfall([
myFirstFunction,
mySecondFunction,
myLastFunction,
], function (err, result) {
// result now equals 'done'
});
function myFirstFunction(callback) {
callback(null, 'one', 'two');
}
function mySecondFunction(arg1, arg2, callback) {
// arg1 now equals 'one' and arg2 now equals 'two'
callback(null, 'three');
}
function myLastFunction(arg1, callback) {
// arg1 now equals 'three'
callback(null, 'done');
}
import whilst from 'async/whilst';
Repeatedly call iteratee
, while test
returns true
. Calls callback
when
stopped, or an error occurs.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
test |
AsyncFunction | asynchronous truth test to perform before each
execution of |
iteratee |
AsyncFunction | An async function which is called each time
|
callback |
function <optional> | A callback which is called after the test
function has failed and repeated execution of |
a promise, if no callback is passed
var count = 0;
async.whilst(
function test(cb) { cb(null, count < 5); },
function iter(callback) {
count++;
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, count);
}, 1000);
},
function (err, n) {
// 5 seconds have passed, n = 5
}
);
import queue from 'async/queue';
任务队列,通过 worker 函数处理完成
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
length |
function | 返回等待处理项目的数量的函数。
通过 |
started |
boolean | boolean 值,是否有任务已经推入队列或已被处理过。 |
running |
function | 函数,返回当前正在处理的任务数量。
用法: |
workersList |
function | 函数,返回当前正在处理的任务数组。
用法: |
idle |
function | 函数,当有任务等待处理时,返回 false;否则返回 true。
用法: |
concurrency |
number | 整型值,决定了多少 |
payload |
number | integer 值,指定了每次传给 work 函数的任务数量。 仅在 cargo 对象中生效。 |
push |
AsyncFunction | 添加新任务到 |
unshift |
AsyncFunction | 在 |
pushAsync |
AsyncFunction | 和 |
unshirtAsync |
AsyncFunction | 和 |
remove |
function | 使用测试函数检测,如果匹配则会移除任务。
如果是 priorityQueue 对象,
test 函数会传入一个具有 |
saturated |
function | 饱和。函数设置了一个callback,当运行的 worker 数量
遇到 |
unsaturated |
function | 不饱和。函数设置了一个callback,当运行的 worker 数量
少于 |
buffer |
number | 认定 |
empty |
function | 当队列中最后一项任务从 |
drain |
function | 当队列中最后一项任务从 |
error |
function | 设置单个任务出错时的回调函数。
函数签名: |
paused |
boolean | 指示队列是否处于暂停状态的 boolean 值 |
pause |
function | 使队列暂停,直至调用 |
resume |
function | 继续运行暂停中的队列。
用法: |
kill |
function | 该函数移除所有 |
const q = async.queue(worker, 2)
q.push(item1)
q.push(item2)
q.push(item3)
// queue 是可迭代的,展开成 array 后检测
const items = [...q] // [item1, item2, item3]
// 或使用 for of
for (let item of q) {
console.log(item)
}
q.drain(() => {
console.log('all done')
})
// 或
await q.drain()
import apply from 'async/apply';
Creates a continuation function with some arguments already applied.
Useful as a shorthand when combined with other control flow functions. Any arguments passed to the returned function are added to the arguments originally passed to apply.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
fn |
function | The function you want to eventually apply all arguments to. Invokes with (arguments...). |
arguments... |
* | Any number of arguments to automatically apply when the continuation is called. |
the partially-applied function
// using apply
async.parallel([
async.apply(fs.writeFile, 'testfile1', 'test1'),
async.apply(fs.writeFile, 'testfile2', 'test2')
]);
// the same process without using apply
async.parallel([
function(callback) {
fs.writeFile('testfile1', 'test1', callback);
},
function(callback) {
fs.writeFile('testfile2', 'test2', callback);
}
]);
// It's possible to pass any number of additional arguments when calling the
// continuation:
node> var fn = async.apply(sys.puts, 'one');
node> fn('two', 'three');
one
two
three
import asyncify from 'async/asyncify';
将同步函数转为异步,将返回值传给 callback。 帮助同步函数传入瀑布函数(waterfall)、串行函数(series)或其他 async 函数。 除了最后一个 callback 参数外,所有传入的参数都会传给包装的函数。 抛出的错误则会传给 callback。
如果传给 asyncify
的函数返回了一个 Promise,则回调函数会自动根据状态调用 resolved/rejected,
而不是仅仅返回同步的值。
这样就意味着支持 ES2017 async
函数。
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
func |
function | 待转换成 AsyncFunction 的同步函数、返回 Promise 的函数。 |
func
的异步包装,
会以 (args..., callback)
调用。
// 传入常规同步函数
async.waterfall([
async.apply(fs.readFile, filename, "utf8"),
async.asyncify(JSON.parse),
function (data, next) {
// data 是解析后的 text
// 若出现错误,会被捕获。
}
], callback);
// 传入返回 promise 的函数
async.waterfall([
async.apply(fs.readFile, filename, "utf8"),
async.asyncify(function (contents) {
return db.model.create(contents);
}),
function (model, next) {
// `model` 是 model 对象实例
// 若出现错误,此函数会被跳过
}
], callback);
// es2017 例子,当然如果 JS 环境支持 async 函数,就不需要 `asyncify` 化
var q = async.queue(async.asyncify(async function(file) {
var intermediateStep = await processFile(file);
return await somePromise(intermediateStep)
}));
q.push(files);
import constant from 'async/constant';
Returns a function that when called, calls-back with the values provided.
Useful as the first function in a waterfall
, or for plugging values in to
auto
.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
arguments... |
* | Any number of arguments to automatically invoke callback with. |
Returns a function that when invoked, automatically invokes the callback with the previous given arguments.
async.waterfall([
async.constant(42),
function (value, next) {
// value === 42
},
//...
], callback);
async.waterfall([
async.constant(filename, "utf8"),
fs.readFile,
function (fileData, next) {
//...
}
//...
], callback);
async.auto({
hostname: async.constant("https://server.net/"),
port: findFreePort,
launchServer: ["hostname", "port", function (options, cb) {
startServer(options, cb);
}],
//...
}, callback);
import dir from 'async/dir';
Logs the result of an async
function to the
console
using console.dir
to display the properties of the resulting object.
Only works in Node.js or in browsers that support console.dir
and
console.error
(such as FF and Chrome).
If multiple arguments are returned from the async function,
console.dir
is called on each argument in order.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
function |
AsyncFunction | The function you want to eventually apply all arguments to. |
arguments... |
* | Any number of arguments to apply to the function. |
// in a module
var hello = function(name, callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, {hello: name});
}, 1000);
};
// in the node repl
node> async.dir(hello, 'world');
{hello: 'world'}
import ensureAsync from 'async/ensureAsync';
Wrap an async function and ensure it calls its callback on a later tick of
the event loop. If the function already calls its callback on a next tick,
no extra deferral is added. This is useful for preventing stack overflows
(RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded
) and generally keeping
Zalgo
contained. ES2017 async
functions are returned as-is -- they are immune
to Zalgo's corrupting influences, as they always resolve on a later tick.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
fn |
AsyncFunction | an async function, one that expects a node-style callback as its last argument. |
Returns a wrapped function with the exact same call signature as the function passed in.
function sometimesAsync(arg, callback) {
if (cache[arg]) {
return callback(null, cache[arg]); // this would be synchronous!!
} else {
doSomeIO(arg, callback); // this IO would be asynchronous
}
}
// this has a risk of stack overflows if many results are cached in a row
async.mapSeries(args, sometimesAsync, done);
// this will defer sometimesAsync's callback if necessary,
// preventing stack overflows
async.mapSeries(args, async.ensureAsync(sometimesAsync), done);
import log from 'async/log';
Logs the result of an async
function to the console
. Only works in
Node.js or in browsers that support console.log
and console.error
(such
as FF and Chrome). If multiple arguments are returned from the async
function, console.log
is called on each argument in order.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
function |
AsyncFunction | The function you want to eventually apply all arguments to. |
arguments... |
* | Any number of arguments to apply to the function. |
// in a module
var hello = function(name, callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 'hello ' + name);
}, 1000);
};
// in the node repl
node> async.log(hello, 'world');
'hello world'
import memoize from 'async/memoize';
Caches the results of an async function. When creating a hash to store function results against, the callback is omitted from the hash and an optional hash function can be used.
Note: if the async function errs, the result will not be cached and subsequent calls will call the wrapped function.
If no hash function is specified, the first argument is used as a hash key, which may work reasonably if it is a string or a data type that converts to a distinct string. Note that objects and arrays will not behave reasonably. Neither will cases where the other arguments are significant. In such cases, specify your own hash function.
The cache of results is exposed as the memo
property of the function
returned by memoize
.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
fn |
AsyncFunction | The async function to proxy and cache results from. |
hasher |
function | An optional function for generating a custom hash for storing results. It has all the arguments applied to it apart from the callback, and must be synchronous. |
a memoized version of fn
var slow_fn = function(name, callback) {
// do something
callback(null, result);
};
var fn = async.memoize(slow_fn);
// fn can now be used as if it were slow_fn
fn('some name', function() {
// callback
});
import nextTick from 'async/nextTick';
Calls callback
on a later loop around the event loop. In Node.js this just
calls process.nextTick
. In the browser it will use setImmediate
if
available, otherwise setTimeout(callback, 0)
, which means other higher
priority events may precede the execution of callback
.
This is used internally for browser-compatibility purposes.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
callback |
function | The function to call on a later loop around the event loop. Invoked with (args...). |
args... |
* | any number of additional arguments to pass to the callback on the next tick. |
var call_order = [];
async.nextTick(function() {
call_order.push('two');
// call_order now equals ['one','two']
});
call_order.push('one');
async.setImmediate(function (a, b, c) {
// a, b, and c equal 1, 2, and 3
}, 1, 2, 3);
import reflect from 'async/reflect';
Wraps the async function in another function that always completes with a result object, even when it errors.
The result object has either the property error
or value
.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
fn |
AsyncFunction | The async function you want to wrap |
object
with
either an error
or a value
property.async.parallel([
async.reflect(function(callback) {
// do some stuff ...
callback(null, 'one');
}),
async.reflect(function(callback) {
// do some more stuff but error ...
callback('bad stuff happened');
}),
async.reflect(function(callback) {
// do some more stuff ...
callback(null, 'two');
})
],
// optional callback
function(err, results) {
// values
// results[0].value = 'one'
// results[1].error = 'bad stuff happened'
// results[2].value = 'two'
});
import reflectAll from 'async/reflectAll';
A helper function that wraps an array or an object of functions with reflect
.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
tasks |
Array | Object | Iterable | The collection of
async functions to wrap in |
Returns an array of async functions, each wrapped in
async.reflect
let tasks = [
function(callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 'one');
}, 200);
},
function(callback) {
// do some more stuff but error ...
callback(new Error('bad stuff happened'));
},
function(callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 'two');
}, 100);
}
];
async.parallel(async.reflectAll(tasks),
// optional callback
function(err, results) {
// values
// results[0].value = 'one'
// results[1].error = Error('bad stuff happened')
// results[2].value = 'two'
});
// an example using an object instead of an array
let tasks = {
one: function(callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 'one');
}, 200);
},
two: function(callback) {
callback('two');
},
three: function(callback) {
setTimeout(function() {
callback(null, 'three');
}, 100);
}
};
async.parallel(async.reflectAll(tasks),
// optional callback
function(err, results) {
// values
// results.one.value = 'one'
// results.two.error = 'two'
// results.three.value = 'three'
});
import setImmediate from 'async/setImmediate';
Calls callback
on a later loop around the event loop. In Node.js this just
calls setImmediate
. In the browser it will use setImmediate
if
available, otherwise setTimeout(callback, 0)
, which means other higher
priority events may precede the execution of callback
.
This is used internally for browser-compatibility purposes.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
callback |
function | The function to call on a later loop around the event loop. Invoked with (args...). |
args... |
* | any number of additional arguments to pass to the callback on the next tick. |
var call_order = [];
async.nextTick(function() {
call_order.push('two');
// call_order now equals ['one','two']
});
call_order.push('one');
async.setImmediate(function (a, b, c) {
// a, b, and c equal 1, 2, and 3
}, 1, 2, 3);
import timeout from 'async/timeout';
为异步函数设置时间限制。如果函数没有在设定的毫秒内调用 callback,
将以 timeout 错误调用。
错误对象的代码会是 'ETIMEDOUT'
。
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
asyncFn |
AsyncFunction | 要限制时间的 async 函数。 |
milliseconds |
number | 设定的超时毫秒数。 |
info |
* <optional> | 附加到 timeout Error 上的额外信息变量( |
返回包装好的函数,可用于控制流函数。
以 asyncFunc
同样的参数调用此函数。
function myFunction(foo, callback) {
doAsyncTask(foo, function(err, data) {
// 处理错误
if (err) return callback(err);
// 处理事项 ...
// return 处理后的数据
return callback(null, data);
});
}
var wrapped = async.timeout(myFunction, 1000);
// 以 `myFunction` 的同样方式调用 `wrapped`
wrapped({ bar: 'bar' }, function(err, data) {
// 若 `myFunction` 执行耗时 < 1000 ms,`err`
// 和 `data` 会以预期的值返回。
// 不然 `err` 会是代码 'ETIMEDOUT' 的 Error
});
import unmemoize from 'async/unmemoize';
Undoes a memoized function, reverting it to the original, unmemoized form. Handy for testing.
名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
fn |
AsyncFunction | the memoized function |
a function that calls the original unmemoized function